tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26544054803853541722024-03-07T21:23:50.613-08:00Kanji writing paperResearch Paper Topics On Tobaccocourtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.comBlogger43125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-89606362462428097202020-09-03T21:11:00.001-07:002020-09-03T21:11:14.592-07:00NAFTAPresentation Since the possibility of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) first entered the more extensive open awareness in the mid 1990s, there has been a noteworthy reorientation inside business, scholastic, and political circles with an end goal to consider and better comprehend the idea of the North American relationship. The 1988 organized commerce understanding among Canada and the United States evoked extraordinary discussion and soul looking inside Canada and similarly little enthusiasm among Americans; however that circumstance changed as the skylines expanded to incorporate Mexico and likely expansion into different nations of Latin America, starting with Chile. (Aggrawal, 363-372) By the mid 1990s, Americans, alongside Mexicans and Canadians, had completely gone into the discourse. Strikingly, albeit maybe of course, the idea of the issues raised, nerves communicated, and aspirations to be acknowledged through a closer trilateral relationship explained inside one nation have resounded in the others. Despite the fact that the collusions of adversaries and supporters have shifted in the three nations, there have likewise been striking likenesses. Canadians and Mexicans have would in general be all the more legitimately occupied with a discussion over models of advancement and techniques of managing their normal neighbor than have Americans. The NAFTA Debate The NAFTA understanding addressed such a wide scope of issues and regions, including monetary administrations, outside speculation, the auto division, materials, horticulture, work, and the earth in the side understandings that it ought not have been astonishing that it evoked solid assumptions among an assortment of intrigue bunches in the United States and Mexico, in spite of the fact that the Mexican open discussion was altogether quieted by the more shut nature of the political framework. In the United States, the adversaries of NAFTA were abnormal partners: composed and chaotic work, tree huggers, purchaser gatherings, the protectionist left, and the populist right of Ross Perot, differently censuring the understanding as a major business plot to exploit low Mexican wages and remiss Mexican government implementation of ecological gauges and work laws. (Andrea, 54-69) On the hero side, the organization and its supporters, which included curve preservationist Rush Limbaugh and corporate scion Lee Iacocca, battled that NAFTA would grow American markets, improve ecological and work issues along the U.S.- Mexican outskirt, and adequately improve financial and work conditions in Mexico to bring about a noteworthy decrease in Mexican movement pressure on the United States. (Dwindle, 44-56) The Impact of NAFTA Given the impediments of existence, I will address a select scope of regions in thinking about the effect of NAFTA to date: industry, work, migration, and the environment.â As with different issues, congruity here is more striking than any critical takeoff from an earlier time. At the hour of the finish of NAFTA, Mexico was, and remains, the third biggest exchanging accomplice of the United States after Canada and Japan, despite the fact that its economy was just five percent the size of the consolidated American and Canadian economies. In 1992, the United States was the wellspring of around 70% of Mexican imports and the market for seventy-six percent of its fares. As the consequence of GATT and general tax decrease in Mexico, Mexican levies on U.S. imported products by 1992 found the middle value of 10% as opposed to the 100% that won in 1981. (Gallagher, 43-51) NAFTA will have no impact on the quantity of occupations in the United States NAFTA will have neither a critical negative nor positive effect on the earth It will deliver a little in general addition in U.S. genuine salary The genuine wages of talented laborers may decay somewhat For the United States, NAFTA is more an international strategy than a financial issue. NAFTA accommodated the eliminating of duties on clothing and materials more than ten years, with certain things to have obligation free access to Mexico right away. All taxes on automobiles and vehicle parts are to be disposed of more than ten years; in agribusiness, Mexico and the United States are to eliminate fifty-seven percent of exchange obstructions quickly, ninety-four percent following ten years and 100% following fifteen years. U.S. what's more, Canadian financial specialists are ensured national treatment with the option to look for restricting assertion in worldwide courts, despite the fact that the understanding prohibits in this regard the Mexican vitality and railroad businesses, U.S. carrier and radio interchanges, and Canadian social ventures. (Gilmore, 102-118) In the oil part, PEMEX is to hold its restraining infrastructure over the majority of the business, however non-Mexicans will have the option to put resources into petrochemicals, power age, and coal mineshafts; acquirement contracts for PEMEX and Mexico's state power bonus are additionally to be opened to outsiders; remote banks and protections representatives are to have unhindered access to Mexico before the decade's over, despite the fact that there are a few limitations on the offer of approaches by U.S. guarantors. (Andrea, 54-69) The understanding likewise accommodates an end of the vast majority of Mexico's levy hindrances on broadcast communications gear. Fundamental voice administrations stay secured yet remote financial specialists are to approach esteem included telephone utilities. As a reaction to the critical political restriction to the first understanding in the United States, there are two side understandings for ecological and work norms. The previous is particularly powerless, accommodating every country to apply its own natural principles gave they are built up consistently and with the specification that settling for what is most convenient option so as to pull in outside venture would be ââ¬Å"inappropriate.â⬠(Aggrawal, 363-372) The two commissions built up to manage ecological and work matters have the ability to force fines and evacuate exchange benefits if all else fails when natural gauges or enactment relating to wellbeing and work security, least wages, or youngster work are esteemed to have been abused. Such fines would be demanded on the administrations not the private segment violators. (Francesco, 90-97) Work. In 2005, Perot battled that the activity misfortunes to the United States because of NAFTA would be as high as 5.9 million. As The Economist proposed at that point, such an outcome was not possible. For there to be a move of even 2 million-and this isn't to propose that such a misfortune would be inconsequential Mexico would require a respective exchange excess of $100 billion, equivalent to 33% of its total national output (GDP) in 1973. Gary Hufbauer and Jeffrey Schott of the Washington Institute for International Economics evaluated, despite what might be expected, that NAFTA would produce a net increment of 171,000 occupations in the United States and that joined U.S. also, Mexican GDP would eventually increment by $15 billion every year. One more investigation, this one by the Economic Policy Institute in Washington, anticipated that the total deficit of U.S. occupations to Mexico would be 490,000. (Andrea, 54-69) Such fiercely assorted expectations and investigations, regardless of whether one limits Perot's, recommend the estimated idea of financial guaging just as its ideological predispositions. However one additionally needs to remember that distinctions of 200,000 are not viewed as huge, since occasionally balanced insights work numbers move here and there by that size on a month-to-month premise. There likewise is by all accounts a general accord among financial specialists, including the Chicago school, that open markets and deregulation lead to social and monetary disengagement. The left and the privilege essentially and in a general sense vary over what one does to address that disengagement. (Dwindle, 44-56) Supporters of NAFTA countered pundits on the issue of differential compensation scales with the contention that organizations would not migrate just in light of the fact that Mexican wages are multiple times lower than those for U.S. laborers. In the event that one thinks about that wages involve just fifteen percent of creation costs, that the expense of migration, including conceivably expanded transportation costs, preparing of another work power and the lower level of profitability among Mexican laborers, and incidental advantages including lodging stipends and Christmas rewards typically equivalent to one month's wages, the pay differential is altogether diminished as a factor deciding capital area. Too, as profitability increments in Mexico, wages will likewise rise, which will likewise happen in the higher innovation regions of work, concerning occasion in the exceptionally gainful Ford plant in Hermosillo, Baja California. (Francesco, 90-97) Further, and maybe most altogether, it could be contended that under the arrangements of the maquiladora tasks that had been set up for three decades, there had been more than adequate chance to test the postulation that business and speculation would be occupied to Mexico. U.S. composed work could recognize just 96,000 pre-NAFTA employments that had moved to Mexico in the earlier decade, and a few of the organizations included Smith Corona typewriters and Zenith TVs would have either moved to Southeast Asia or left business on the off chance that they had not moved tasks to Mexico. In one of the segments where Mexico delighted in a reasonable near bit of leeway over the United States-beet sugar creation Clinton consented to pressures from U.S. interests to remember a defensive arrangement for NAFTA. (Gallagher, 43-51) In another division attire fabricating where Mexico likewise appreciates extensive similar bit of leeway, it is foreseen that despite the fact that there will positively be present moment and perhaps huge occupation misfortunes to Mexico; in the long haul, improved monetary conditions in Mexico, rising wages, and expanded buyer spending limit will make everything fair between the two nations. The information on work misfortunes and occupation creation attached to NAFTA are not truly good to date. U.S. Division of Labor measurements recommend that the activity l courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-40564717486067599762020-08-26T00:48:00.001-07:002020-08-26T00:48:16.923-07:00The History of Mental IllnessIndividuals with discouragement and individuals who are miserable are something entirely unexpected. Last y, individuals with schizophrenia are seen as insane and perilous. Therefore, history has seen these people contrastingly and have been misconstrued. As a result of the way that individuals never entirely comprehended dysfunctional behavior, unified LULAS were regularly abused. In the event that you had a dysfunctional behavior, you were seen as a threat to socio TTY and were quickly moved to prison with no further inquiries posed. Things like HTH s are hard to accept, however they did in reality occur in our world.People with dysfunctional behaviors ere not permitted out and were fundamentally detached from society simply because individuals didn't fix restart what was going on in their psyches. Envision confronting a real existence inside a prison cell or an open storm cellar for the greater part of your life. To me, having a psychological maladjustment is very natural so when I catch wind of things like this t cap really occur ever, it hits me hard in such a case that were to have been conceived in this c passage, I realize I would have been one of numerous to encounter the order and the enough ionic imprisonment Of these intellectually sick individuals.In the 1 Boob's for instance, individuals were not strive deed as ââ¬Å"crazy', they were seen as being Satan. Be that as it may, there were two explicit individual s who started to take care of these hazardous conditions. In the backtalk, lobbyist Throated Dixie battled for better day to day environments for the intellectually sick subsequent to seeing the perilous and undesirable conditions in which numerous patients lived. Her drives made some of a shelters, yet the frightful conditions despite everything went on. In these refuges, the rooms were so little but so detained that a Patti .NET couldn't move very far.Also, specialists were not cunning in concocting approaches to treat the SE individuals, s o they just started to make medicines up as they went on. One of the medicines that t a specialist would utilize is lobotomy, which basically implies that they would penetrate gaps into the patient's skull to inspect their mind. Another treatment they would utilize was electroshock there application. This implied the patient would have a protective cap on their head that would move power t 0 their cerebrum to treat their disease. A man by the name of Clifford Watching Beers lived to tell his tale.Clifford was one of many fighting a psychological instability. In his history, he depict considers it to be a ââ¬Å"history f a psychological common warâ⬠which he needed to battle independent on a war zone that ââ¬Å"lay inside the compass of his skull. â⬠After endeavoring to take his life, Beers wound up getting I n issue with the specialists and needed to go to court. As his discipline, he was condemned to go to a psychological organization in New Haven. In the wake of being conceded, the orderlies shaved his leg s and put fumbles on his wrists for restraint.Since these chaperons were unequipped for comprehends Eng the activity of his brain and what they couldn't comprehend, they would only occasionally endure a y methods for defiance. In conclusion, he portrayed the washrooms of the wards as ââ¬Å"a room in which vehicles [were] washed in a cutting edge stable. â⬠After Beers came out of his discipline, he chose to start to change the m brains of the individuals who didn't have a clue how to manage people with dysfunctional behaviors. Accordingly, he established Mental Health America in 1909. Emotional wellness America is a charitable association the at helps those with mental illness.To this day, it despite everything exists and it even gives directing a ND medicines at no expense. Since the time at that point, America's perspective on the intellectually sick have improved, A manner by which it has changed is that now America gives compelling t reatment TTS that help the person. One of the disarranges that has been extremely powerful in treatment is De abuse. Melancholy is a state of mind issue caused and carried on by a connection of quality ethic, organic, mental, and ecological elements that influence the brain and the body. S meeting that is misjudged by society is that downturn is just inclination out of the climate .However, it is undeniably more than that. Misery is the force of the sentiment of bitterness and a master yearned time of negative emotions. It causes a great deal of pugnacious conduct, hostility, and f linings of needing to be separated from everyone else. Specialists have found that this issue runs in families and ca n be followed through a few ages of a family. They have likewise discovered that it is brought about by a n anomaly in the manner the cerebrum delivers and keeps up its degrees of specific synthetic compounds that are associated with transmitting messages from nerve cell to nerve cell.To t reat discouragement, it is v ere regular for the patient to be treated with treatment meetings, however on the off chance that the downturn is too SST rang they will get both treatment and antidepressants. Another turmoil that has been powerful in treatment is uneasiness. Nervousness is test tee ordinary in numerous individuals, however the manner in which it makes it a turmoil is additionally its power. An individual w tit uneasiness will undoubtedly get many fits of anxiety. A fit of anxiety is an underlying alarming oust irenic of brief yet extraordinary dread that happens out of the blue.A fit of anxiety is well on the way to happen n if the patient keeps on agonizing over things that others would not typically care about. D on-screen characters have found that individuals with uneasiness have awkward nature in levels of enumerators titers. To support them, psychological treatment works very well in patients since it challenges your contemplations and encourages the patient to c ontrol themselves better. Likewise, a few antidepressants he Ip to bring down nervousness. In conclusion, schizophrenia is one mental issue that was even new for me.When discovered my sister had been determined to have it, was confounded in light of the fact that I didn't have any involvement in this run of the mill issue. Schizophrenics normally hear voices that other do n to and accept that others are guessing their thoughts, controlling their musings, or plotting to hurt them. Specialists have no evident reason, yet accept that presentation to infections and lack of healthy sustenance before bi Roth can influence extraordinarily whether somebody can build up this issue. Additionally, it has been discovered the t schizophrenics have less dim issue and distinctive mind science and structure. courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-23480922696673014752020-08-22T20:44:00.001-07:002020-08-22T20:44:27.573-07:00A Modest Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsA Modest Proposal - Essay Example He most likely has some concealed motivation for making the proposition that he did. Perhaps it isn't to his greatest advantage to have those children conceived, yet I feel that it ought to be dependent upon the guardians to choose how to manage their kid. About the main beneficial thing to come out of his proposition is that, as he says, it would decrease the quantity of premature births that occurred. Guardians would even have the option to bring in some cash out of it! Quick get a little uncaring when he says that youngsters ought to be cooked like pigs on the grounds that no butcher would need to have anything to do with them. This is right and this shows his proposition would not work by any means. To back up his perspective, Swift records out six reasons why his arrangement would be a decent one. I concur with the entirety of his reasons yet I don't concur with the technique to arrive. Toward the end he uncovers the genuine motivation behind why he accepts this; his most youthf ul kid is nine thus would not courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-35035272261318323892020-08-22T06:23:00.001-07:002020-08-22T06:23:33.526-07:00Just War and Pacifism Essay -- War Pacifism Peace EssaysThe inquiry Can war be supported? tormented humankind since the principal war. The Just War Theory holds that war can be simply. The hypothesis has developed for a huge number of years and present day scholars, for example, Michael Walzer, creator of Just and Unjust Wars, advances standards for a simply war, for example, jus promotion bellum and jus in bello. Jus advertisement bellum incorporates purposes behind doing battle, and jus in bello manages the individuals who take up arms. The models in jus advertisement bellum incorporate; noble motivation, statement by an appropriate position, right expectation, a sensible possibility of accomplishment, the end relative to the methods, and war if all else fails. Jus in bello incorporates keeping honest people outside the field of war, and constraining the measure of power utilized. Simply War Theorists hold that these models must be followed for a war to be simply. I will investigate The Just War Theories most discussed contentions, self -protection, pre-emptive strikes, and the murdering of honest people. In the second 50% of this paper, I will quickly clarify Pacifism, and give a counter contention to each Just War contention. Walzer remembers self-protection for the worthy motivation area of jus advertisement bellum. Walzer holds that states have the privilege of self-protection by making a similarity to singular rights. He battles that people reserve the option to self-preservation. From this he surmises that states additionally have that privilege of self-protection. Walzer's deduction depends on the rationale that the state is an assortment of people. He reasons that people can't protect against an attacking armed force, the military is an instrument that the state uses to guard itself and it's lifestyle. The privilege of self-preservation for states additionally is defended by the reason that it is the obligation of the legislature to secure the individuals. John Locke'... ...ve for a more immaculate world instead of surrender and acknowledge scorn and demise. Works Consulted Clark, Mark. The Paradox of War and Pacifism. ULeadership. 7 Oct 2002. <www.leaderu.com/socialsciences/clark.html> Holmes, Robert. On War and Morality. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989. Moseley, Alex. Simply War Theory. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 3 Oct. 2002. <www.utm.edu/look into/iep/j/justwar.htm>. Moseley, Alex. Pacifism. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 3 Oct. 2002. <www.utm.edu/investigate/iep/p/pacifism.htm>. Orend, Brian. War. Stanford Enyclopedia of Philosophy. 5 Oct 2002. <http://plato.stanford.edu/passages/war/> Teichman, Jenny. Pacifism and the Just War. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1986. Walzer, Michael. Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. New York: Basic Books, 1977. Simply War and Pacifism Essay - War Pacifism Peace Essays The inquiry Can war be advocated? tormented humanity since the principal war. The Just War Theory holds that war can be simply. The hypothesis has developed for a great many years and present day scholars, for example, Michael Walzer, creator of Just and Unjust Wars, advances models for a simply war, for example, jus advertisement bellum and jus in bello. Jus advertisement bellum incorporates explanations behind doing battle, and jus in bello manages the individuals who take up arms. The rules in jus advertisement bellum incorporate; worthy motivation, presentation by an appropriate power, right goal, a sensible possibility of achievement, the end relative to the methods, and war if all else fails. Jus in bello incorporates keeping blameless people outside the field of war, and restricting the measure of power utilized. Simply War Theorists hold that these standards must be followed for a war to be simply. I will examine The Just War Theories most discussed contentions, self-protecti on, pre-emptive strikes, and the slaughtering of blameless people. In the second 50% of this paper, I will quickly clarify Pacifism, and give a counter contention to each Just War contention. Walzer remembers self-preservation for the worthwhile motivation segment of jus advertisement bellum. Walzer holds that states have the privilege of self-preservation by making a similarity to singular rights. He battles that people reserve the privilege to self-preservation. From this he surmises that states likewise have that privilege of self-protection. Walzer's deduction depends on the rationale that the state is an assortment of people. He reasons that people can't safeguard against an attacking armed force, the military is an apparatus that the state uses to protect itself and it's lifestyle. The privilege of self-preservation for states additionally is supported by the reason that it is the obligation of the administration to ensure the individuals. John Locke'... ...ve for a more flawless world as opposed to surrender and acknowledge scorn and passing. Works Consulted Clark, Mark. The Paradox of War and Pacifism. ULeadership. 7 Oct 2002. <www.leaderu.com/socialsciences/clark.html> Holmes, Robert. On War and Morality. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989. Moseley, Alex. Simply War Theory. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 3 Oct. 2002. <www.utm.edu/inquire about/iep/j/justwar.htm>. Moseley, Alex. Pacifism. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 3 Oct. 2002. <www.utm.edu/look into/iep/p/pacifism.htm>. Orend, Brian. War. Stanford Enyclopedia of Philosophy. 5 Oct 2002. <http://plato.stanford.edu/sections/war/> Teichman, Jenny. Pacifism and the Just War. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1986. Walzer, Michael. Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. New York: Basic Books, 1977. courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-59368631278809032172020-08-21T18:26:00.001-07:002020-08-21T18:26:25.562-07:00Educational Issue Paper: Standards Based Curriculum EssayThere are numerous worries that of the instruction arrangement of the U. S. are confronted with. One of these worries is that the training framework doesn't and can not sufficiently set up the understudies for the 21st century life and work. Along these lines, various instructive experts over the district have been attempting new courses in changing the U. S. instructive framework. Diverse instructive changes have been attempted and tried in various states. In a few states, approach producers are changing the instructive framework so that the estimation of the adequacy of educating and training is being founded on results or results rather than customary sources of info, for example, hours spent in class and in course credits earned. Arrangement producers have named this instructive change as the gauges based educational program or the result based educational program. The situation of the creator of this paper is for the measures based educational plan to be actualized and to keep on being executed in all conditions of the U.à S. The creator accepts that the norms based educational program in the U. S. instructive framework will help improve understudy learning by the compelling rebuilding of the instructing and learning process guided by the gauges which are set by strategy creators and instructive specialists. The creator will consequently intend to give supports on siding to the norms based educational plan in this paper. This paper will additionally plan to give the solid focuses just as the frail purposes of guidelines based educational plan. Gauges based educational plan as instruction change depends on the similarity of training to the business and assembling area where all out quality development is being actualized. Absolute quality development in the business part is a conviction that the most ideal route for business associations to arrive at their optimal objectives is to initially figure out where they are presently and where they need to be in and afterward plan in reverse to decide the most ideal path for them to get from where they are currently to where they need to be. The primary thought behind the norms based educational plan is guidelines. A standard is a degree of value or accomplishment which is believed to be at a degree of being adequate. A standard is likewise used to gauge or to assess the degree or nature of an item. At the point when utilized in the instructive framework, gauges would involve an aggregate assortment of information and set of abilities which will be the reason for the nature of training. Principles would communicate what all understudies should know and ought to have the option to do in the wake of going to class. Guidelines be that as it may, do exclude how these understudies would have the option to learn things (Judy Steiner, n. . ). Setting norms in a national level through the principles based educational plan would give all understudies equivalent open door since all understudies would be contrasted with a similar arrangement of gauges which would be set broadly. There is a requirement for these measures to be at a national level so as to have a level of consistency in each school. On the off chance that these principles would not be uniform, at that point every educator or each school would set his or their own guidelines for understudies. The requests on understudies would then be unique in relation to educator to instructor or from school to class. In the event that this occurs, at that point there would be irregularity in both guidance and in appraisal. In this way, it is significant that national measures ought to be set in the guidelines based educational plan. Another preferred position of having a measures based educational plan is that it furnishes understudies with clear comprehension on what they have to know at various degrees of their instruction. Tests and evaluation on understudy learning are given on a national level to decide the advancement of understudies in accomplishing the set guidelines. These evaluation systems would likewise show understudies who are not accomplishing the norms prior so as to give them compelling medicinal help (Judy Steiner, n. d. ). Having set norms through the principles based educational plan would make successful learning in light of the fact that the educational program would give all understudies the desires that the state has for them. Having set measures would likewise be valuable to the various partners in training. Principles based educational program would give the express a typical reference device which can be utilized to characterize the system for national testing. Guidelines based educational plan would likewise give schools and regions an unmistakable spotlight on the most proficient method to create and compose their directions and evaluation programs just as the substance that they will remember for their educational program. Guidelines based educational program would likewise assist instructors with designing and rebuild their method of instructing and appraisal and would assist them with making increasingly significant exercises. Instructors would likewise be approached to cause their understudies to see obviously the desires which would improve understudy learning. For the understudies, gauges based educational program would give them a lot of execution desires that would be clear and would enable them to comprehend what they have to do to satisfy the set guidelines. Measures based training would likewise permit the guardians to decide how their kids are adapting up in their instruction through the correspondence of the set gauges for learning. When guardians know the desires on their youngsters, at that point they will know whether their kids are achieving the principles or not (Judy Steiner, n. d. ). One bit of leeway of guidelines based educational program is that the exhibition desires are the ones that are distinguished. Principles based educational plan doesn't show how the understudies should come to achieve these set norms. This can be a favorable position since educators, schools and areas would be given the open door in thinking of new learning thoughts that would empower their understudies to accomplish these set measures. Since there are numerous approaches to show up at a similar outcome, instructors, schools and areas would think of various methodologies in educating and in the long run, through experimentation, would concoct an instructing approach that can be actualized at a national level. Be that as it may, this can likewise be viewed as a shortcoming in the norms based educational plan since it would prompt the topic of who will be considered responsible in figuring out what guidelines to be set and how the schools and regions would arrive at the set gauges (Judy Steiner, n. d. ). There are additionally different worries about the shortcoming of a norms based educational program that it would prompt incorporated training in the U. S. Adversaries of the gauges based educational plan contend that this instructive change would subvert development at the neighborhood level. Schools and locale would not be given the chance of improving their instruction framework inside themselves. Adversaries to the measures based educational program additionally contend that setting national norms would restrict what understudies ought to realize and would not take into account decent variety among understudies and the particular needs of the various populaces. Some taking in desires that are requested from understudies might be relevant to certain states yet may not be pertinent to different states or populace inside the U. S. (Judy Steiner, n. d. ). In spite of the fact that there are numerous worries with respect to gauges based educational program, the creator despite everything keeps up his situation in favor for the principles based educational plan on the grounds that the creator accepts that this kind of instructive change has more constructive outcomes than it has negative. Another constructive outcome this sort of educational plan has is on the evaluation of understudies. Conventional educational plan would depend on studentsââ¬â¢ retention and authority of the topic so as to get passing marks or stamps during assessments. This sort of evaluation has the reason for deciding whether understudies have learned explicit information that is a piece of the educational plan. In the principles based educational plan, evaluation is interlaced with measures and has become a vital piece of both the educational program and the guidance program. Appraisal through the guidelines based educational program no longer tests understudies as far as the gathering of realities and data yet would prefer to underline on the understudies use and use of such information. Gauges based educational plan would then survey understudies on their capacity to think basically regarding information application. Gauges put together educational program would center with respect to testing studentsââ¬â¢ higher request thinking aptitudes instead of simply their capacity to ace exercises or retention. Appraisal in a gauges based educational plan turns into a constant procedure which would give educators the presentation information of understudies to be set as a benchmark as understudies proceed onward to the following level in training. Evaluation in a measures based educational program makes a domain where understudies would get fruitful since appraisal isn't as inflexible as those of the customary educational plan. Understudies can accomplish a standard at various worthy levels. With everything taken into account, gauges based educational program has more beneficial outcomes than it has negative impacts in instruction. Gauges ought to be all around thought of and ought to be relevant to all populaces of the nation. Be that as it may, measures all by themselves are useless. The creator accepts that the significant interesting point in the principles based educational program is the means by which instructors, teachers, schools, regions and other approach producers in training help the understudies in achieving these set guidelines. There ought to be a generally excellent checking framework in guaranteeing that educators are doing everything conceivable in ensuring that understudies accomplish and accomplish the presentation desires that are asked from them. courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-22525650339763477872020-08-11T19:46:00.001-07:002020-08-11T19:46:03.289-07:00The Muti Water ProjectThe Muti Water Project If some of you have been reading the blogs for a while, then you may know about the Muti Water Project, an initiative I had been busy working on since my sophomore year. I worked to design and build a longer lasting water source for a town, Muti, in my fathers home province, Kafa, where he went to middle school and where some of my relatives still live today. Ive written two blogs about it already, âA Story About Mutiâ and âWhy is There No Waterâ. This was a long, arduous process, seriously affected by not only logistics, weather, and funding, but also politics. Several months of delays occurred due to the state of emergency announcement in Ethiopia in 2016. (You can get the full story in those two blog posts + this podcast). But finally, against many odds, the well is actually finished!!!! Photos of the well I received from our contractor (finishing touches of concrete being placed!) It was actually finished some months ago (last semester, November 2017) but today I woke up and realized that Iâd left everyone hanging, without actually announcing this positive development (such MIT lol). Targeted Issues and Solutions In âWhy is There No Waterâ, Iâd highlighted some key qualitative issues Iâd discovered from interviewing Muti residents. Children (as young as 5) are the ones who typically fetch water from rivers and streams. They can have lifetime health problems afterward a from carrying the heavy containers back and forth. People regularly die digging shared, shallow water wells either from collapses or lack of oxygen. Children have died or gotten injured from falling into said shallow wells (fortunately, not as often anymore because people are aware of this problem and small children are not sent to fetch water from wells) During the rainy season, thereâs an increase of typhus/typhoid infection due to the rain and river-swelling problems I discussed earlier With this well, made with an AfriDev pump (the part of the well that will need the most maintenance and we sourced locally from within Ethiopia), several of these issues are addressed: Children (as young as 5) are the ones who fetch water Children, followed by women, are the household members most frequently tasked with obtaining water. This will probably still be true, and in some ways is actually intended with the development of this well (we placed the water source next to the primary school, so the youngest children attending school are closest to the clean water). But in addressing other issues, we hope access to water will be safer for these children. People regularly die digging shared, shallow water wells either from collapses or lack of oxygen. This is a problem with the construction of the well. Since this well was much larger in diameter than the shared, shallow wells people just make in their backyards with a shovel, the risk of asphyxiation from the digging process was lower. Additionally, the well was constructed in coalition with trained professionals (whereas wells people construct in their backyard are typically untrained local men, simply digging). This well was also lined with concrete during the construction process. Children have died or gotten injured from falling into said shallow wells and from typhus/typhoid infection The AfriDev pump is, on the one hand, simply necessary for this well, as it is much deeper than shallow backyard wells. But as a side effect, it is also much safer than an open cavity, which is how children can fall or be pulled into shallow wells by the weight of the water vessel (think rope-and-bucket that you pull to retrieve water). The depth of this well is also what makes the water clean, and prevents typhus/typhoid bacteria from inhabiting the water. This point is particularly counterintuitive for most Americanshow can digging into the ground, the dirt and soil, of all places, be clean? In fact, most of the things that make dirt dirty (bacteria, bugs, decaying debris) are in a thin, shallow layer close to the surface of the soil. This is very simple and obvious when you think about itmost living things (Typhoid bacteria included) need oxygen, and you canât find much oxygen as you progress lower and lower into the ground. As an example, in natural disaster scenarios, temporary graves as shallow as just one meter below the surface are constructed to bury bodies while preventing decomposition, so they can later be withdrawn and identified (even âsix feet underâ would be overkill). This is why I chose this hand-dug well concept (over 15 meters, but under 30) for the Muti region. I knew it was simple enough that there were people (contractors and workers) who were familiar with how to construct this system with the parameters we specified, and in this particularly lush, rainy region, we didnât need to go very deep. We simply needed to get away from the âdirtyâ dirt to the âcleanâ dirtsediment found in water at this depth is more or less larger chunks of whateverâs already in your fancy mineral water: possibly calcium and magnesium deposits, or other inorganic precipitates. No living, typhus-causing things! A Sustainable Solution In many ways, this is the beginning rather than the end. The real goal of this project was to try and see how long the water source would lastif we can beat 3-4 years without the well truly failing (a broken pump, as I mentioned, can easily be replaced) then I will consider the project a success, as the main issue we were trying to solve involved clean water sources frequently failing, going âdryâ in as little as 3 months. That success would motivate further hand-dug well projects in the region, where right now spring protections are the default constructed water source. And the proliferation of hand-dug wells would hopefully continue to solve all the above problemsright now with this well, these water problems are solved mainly for those living nearest to the well, and the children at the school. The reasons why water sources can go âdryâ are a whole other hydrology lesson, but the core of the issue is that, the water âtableâ (you can think of it as a line of water under the soil) is not perfectly flat or uniform. Sometimes, you may think youâve hit the water table, but really, youâve just hit a little pocket, which can actually become âdryâ. In other situations, if your water sources conflict, you can end up âloweringâ the water table in that area with frequent use. Sometimes, you can inadvertently turn one of your sources into a drain for another source, causing the first source you built to fail. Of course, thereâs still not a great way to âx-ray the groundâ which is a silly question I asked in a conversation with the incredible Professor Strzepek of the TATA Center. Professor Strzepek agreed to assist with this project (he provided the above graphic and taught me everything I know about water). Though it was cool to learn about this, I was a little dismayed: I did not have access to sophisticated surveying equipment, and thereâs very little water data available about this region. I tried still, though, to make sure we made a good decision about the well location in a pretty hack-y way: with Google Maps. Google maps has some pretty neat features I learned about entirely while trying stuff for this project. For one, it allows you to view the elevation in these cool altitude plots collected from Google satellite data, where those curves in the photo represent a line of the same elevation (for those of you whoâve taken physics, itâs sort of like voltage potential rings). The map is also shaded for an intuitive visual effect. All the other wells are flagged, and the location next to the primary school is the star. Using this feature, I could at least feel mostly confident that the well was far enough from the other springs (and, importantly, not on a hill) so that any interference with the water table wouldnât affect the life span of the well. Of course, if future sources are built in the next few years, this would need to be revisited. I also gained some intuition as to why the other spring protections failed. Spring protections have to be constructed where there is already surface water, which severely limits your options in location as you have to find a spring, creek, or river to work with. As you can see from the terrain diagram, many of the springs are at points of locally high elevationtheyâre on hillsides. Theyâre also close togethersprings 3 and 4 in particular failed particularly fast, with spring 3 failing in only 3 months after it was constructed. You can see a little bit more clearly which water sources are likely to be inadvertent drains for other sources. Performing this project helped me understand water a lot better, but also opened my eyes to the problems engineering alone will never be able to solve. The village, Muti, has a local government and collects taxthe things governments do, in exchange for creating infrastructure. Clearly, in Muti and other rural areas, there is a disconnect between the resource collection and the infrastructure distribution. This can be for a variety of reasonsfarmers donât have much tax to give, and infrastructure is especially hard and expensive to develop in this mountainous, rainy region with dense forest. Thereâs also a sort of exponential effect in infrastructure developmenta road makes it easier to transport materials, which in turn makes it easier to build roads. So, starting âfrom scratchâ is especially difficult. Of course, there obviously might be issues in accountability or management at the resource-collection levelcorruption, incompetency, misunderstandingbut I want you to understand that this is not the only problem, as developing infrastructure in this area is a monumental task to begin with. All I can say, at the end of the day, is that this project was just a small drop in the ocean of what needs to be done, and which will hopefully happen in the future. As Ethiopia faces waves of economic, political, and technological changes, I hope to continue being a part of them! (those enough water puns for you? x)) 3 I made a small video of the whole experienceapologies for the low quality, but I hope you still find it a fun glimpse into life among my family in rural Ethiopia. Uncles, aunts, cousinsthey are the reason I had so much passion for this project. You can also see here the types of open, hole-in-the-ground wells that are common DIY kinds of solutions in the village, and how the final hand-dug well is much different from those! If thereâs anything Iâve learned at MIT, and especially from this project, itâs that the only thing ever standing in our way is fearfear of failure. âIâm too youngâ or âIâm not wealthy enoughâ or âI donât have the timeâ or even as basic and seemingly valid as âI donât know how to do thisâ (I literally knew nothing about water before starting this project), these are all excuses we tell ourselves to let that fear fester and convince us we canât do something. But if we are courageous enough to simply try, to work hard and be dedicated, you find that those obstacles slowly, surely fall away, until youâve achieved incredible things. Thanks to everyone who supported me on this incredible journey, either as part of the project or just with your wonderful words of encouragement 3 Post Tagged #Muti Water Project courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-67180548603527674432020-06-20T23:06:00.001-07:002020-06-20T23:06:02.932-07:00Child Day Care Business Plan Term Paper - 825 WordsChild Day Care Business Plan (Term Paper Sample) Content: NameTutorTaskDateChild Day Care Business PlanSummaryIn providing safe and nurturing environment for children, a day care centre, as defined in this business plan, is a start-up venture that I will launch to provide care for children between five and ten years. The centre will be licensed to provide care for about one hundred to one hundred and seventy children. By putting my focus on quality care, my centre is projected to achieve high enrolment and high-profit generations within months of operation.IntroductionIn the United States, these days, most mothers with preschool or school age children are employed outside the home. With these in mind, many parents have invented many ways to care for their children while they work. This has lead to the spring up of day care centres all across the United States.Child care is a subject of major public interest. A concern that child care may be in short supply, not of good quality or maybe too expensive has made it into national debates over the years. Research has shown that most families with working mothers and preschool children purchase childcare. However, the type of child care used also depends on the family type and the financial status.In a market where double income is becoming common, child care services are in soaring demand. This is obvious from the reality that there are over 250,000 licensed facilities making around $10 million in monthly revenue. With the growing labor force especially for women, the industry is expected to rise sharply over the years with the figures expected to go up by about 50%.Within the area, there are around 9,000 children under the age of five years and around 11,000 between the ages of five and ten. Due to migration and other factors the annual population is expected to rise by around 5%, and this will mean increased opportunities for my business. Given that the business will be located near a busy business locality and a large residential area, I can expect to hav e a large number of clients within the locality and from other districts.Given that I will be competing against three other licensed competitors, within a ten mile radius of my locality it will be easier for me to distinguish myself from the rest. I will put extra focus on different pricing structures, philosophy and marketing approaches. I am also aware that my community has a scarcity of licensed day care facilities, and this will enable me reach my enrolment projection within a very short time regardless of the small competition.In a review of the competitorà ¢Ã¢â ¬s ability to maintain a low child to staff ratio, I will put assemble a team that will make sure we provide quality and enhanced services. We will work with the core principals of making a difference in the community and a distinguishable day care centre for choice to our consumers.In preparation for the launch, I will put together a financial plan based on predictions for the first two years of existence including a start-up expense estimated at around $100,000. I will acquire a loan of around $70,000 to boost in the start-up costs. I will cover the remaining with my savings and through offering a stake in my business.During the first year of existence, I intend to generate around $180,000 in sales revenue. In the second year, I plan to increase this figure by around 30%. After subtracting my expenses, the net profit for the first year will be expected to be around $19,000 with 9% percent net profit from sales. For the second year, I will anticipate a net profit of around $22,000 with a slight increase in the percentage net p... courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-8109638260190203642020-05-23T19:39:00.001-07:002020-05-23T19:39:03.897-07:00Radio-Frequency Implantable DeviceRadio-Frequency Implantable Device Numerous implantable gadgets can discuss remotely with different contraptions. Such a capacity can be treasured; for instance, an embedded medication transfer mechanism may be reinvented remotely to modify its measurements without being suspended from the patient. Security issues merit explicit consideration for implantable methods because a human being can not just dismiss a plan to shield himself from an attack. A significant test in securing implantable tools is the extraordinary asset requirements confronting them. Numerous gadgets are entirely passive, with no power or computational assets of their own. This characteristic makes it hard to actualize customary security plots that oblige them to perform cryptographic operations on information. Indeed, even gadgets that do have computational abilities are modified by battery lifetime since their batteries must supply capacity for a considerable length of time because evolving cells may require a conceivably life-undermining operation. In this manner, a generous security plot must be as productive as could reasonably be expected (Yazici, 2014). Considering these days critical archives like visas and so forth utilize RFID inserted chips, it is primarily conceivable that related data will be analyzed by organizations, government specialists or other destructive bodies like criminals. An example is a gadget that you can connect to your vehicle to track your driving propensities, the cars status, and even its stopping area. The tool works by getting to the computer system in the vehicle and making an interpretation of what its a truism to your telephone. The locally available computer system in your auto is producing a code for each issue it may have. We have seen comparable gadgets from vehicle protection suppliers that screen where you are heading to give you better rates. RFID has pulled in much consideration as of late as security backers, writers, and designers have examined the morals of its utilization. Security advocates expect that albeit most organizations considering RFID applications for resource following have modest expectations, without appropriate care, this innovation could be utilized eagerly or unwillingly to acquire undesirable outcomes for some customers. Researchers demonstrate that the moral and social dangers are more connected with the implantable RFID gadgets when contrasted with their associates, in this way highlighting the criticalness of looking at advances in their societal setting (Yazici, 2014). People ought to learn about the plausibility to agree to, the gathering, handling, stockpiling and spread of RFID information identifying with them. Their insight or assent ought to have an association with a comprehension of the whole RFID information life cycle not only the underlying transmission. Governments ought to empower all members to work towards an agreement on the conditions under which assent ought to or ought not to be required. We get an understanding into the concept of RFID frameworks with an accentuation on systems administration perspectives and research challenges identified with receptive UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID structures. There are surveys of different calculations, conventions and plan arrangements that have been produced inside the range, including latest advances. Additionally, authors cover an extensive variety of perceived issues in RFID industry, striking an agreement amongst hypothetical and handy scope. Confinements of the innovation and best in class arrangements are distinguished and new research openings are beneficiaries. The RFID is an innovation that utilizes radio waves to exchange information from an electronic tag, called RFID label appended to a question, with the end goal of recognizing and following the demonstration. The RFID is as of now used to track and observe the losses in a fiasco circumstance. Information can be gathered continuously and be promptly accessible to crisis staff and spares time by the RFID. Emergency administration groups, doctors facilities, and disaster workforce have entry to information through a network database (Daugherty, 2014). Health care practitioners can all the more efficiently and rapidly impart wellbeing data to their patients when their records are in electronic shape, as this empowers correspondence and data sharing through electronic well-being gateways or electronic transmissions to an individual online file. Different hindrances still stay to giving people access to their data. Some therapeutic services suppliers do not store health report in an electronic frame, and patients must hold up until physical duplicates are made and sent to them (Daugherty, 2014). There are additionally social and operational difficulties that may anticipate people from seeking and accepting a match of their records, for example, constrained time amid office visits, unwillingness to be seen as trying their specialist, or non-institutionalized supplier procedures to bolster the individuals demand for a duplicate of the records. Accordingly, RFID gadgets make another innovation layer that can create data about people, past and also their propensities and slants. Primarily the moral issues identified with RFIDs are the disintegration of security, wellbeing dangers, restorative perils as symptoms of implantation surgery and so forth. An absence of writing regarding the matter of RFID inserts, relevant consideration has gone to these gadgets, especially in the fields of bioethics, morals of data and backers of protection. With a couple of individual cases, ethicists, for the most part, view the issues identified with RFID embeds as to make wellbeing dangers, the tr ade off protection, and to be utilized strongly (Zhu, 2015). The kids will take advantage of the installation for RFID. This technology is useful because it is hard to tell childrenââ¬â¢s ailment by just looking at them. It will also help to assess their progress after receiving treatment. The RIFD will help curb diseases especially in the young children who fall ill. The technology will help safeguard data associated with the kids health, and this will contribute to promoting security in the nation. The parents also will be in a position to access their childrens records to monitor their progress. The system has existing standards that are electronically safeguarded to help enhance protection of their identities. With the human services industry hoping to actualize electronic well-being reports, there is uncontrolled good faith about how digitizing well-being records will make monstrous effectiveness and altogether increment the nature of patient care. As an ever increasing number of clinics and therapeutic services frameworks relocate to modernized doctor order passage and electronic well-being records. More welfare data trades are worked to facilitate mind crosswise over systems, and many are raising worries about the various ways to viably oversee information trustworthiness to guarantee it is safe from modification, corruption or unapproved access. RFID utilizes physiological attributes of the body for a patient distinguishing proof disposing of the requirement to give a social security number, a birth date for identifying evidence amid enrollment or the insurance card. A bio-metric layout can straightforwardly connect to an electronic record for exact credentialing on resulting visits. T his system guarantees that no copies of medical records are creatable and the appropriate care conveyed to the precise patient. RFID additionally takes out challenges in recognizing patients with a similar name or different surnames guaranteeing that every time a patient visits a medical services office; their history is appropriately reported regardless of what variety of their name given. courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-71632757267817299722020-05-18T09:57:00.001-07:002020-05-18T09:57:37.040-07:00A Brief Look at Climate Change - 1461 Words There is no doubt that climate change is happening around the world. Climate change is occurring everywhere, but not everyone can see it. Some people fail to realize that climate change is happening because they arenââ¬â¢t aware of what it is. According to the Oxford Dictionary, it is ââ¬Å"the change in global climate patterns are attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.â⬠Carbon dioxide is accumulating in the air, which captures the sunââ¬â¢s heat. In return, the earth is warming up. This epidemic is occurring globally, but it affects certain regions and cities differently. Therefore, climate change should be looked at from various scales. The first scale would be globally because it is a worldwide issue. Climate change affects the earth as a whole. For example, temperature is being affected in a large scale. According to ââ¬Å"Climate Change: Global, Regional and Urbanâ⬠, Earthââ¬â¢s temperature has averaged an incr ease of 1.1 degrees Fahrenheit annually (ââ¬Å"Climate Changeâ⬠1). This tendency is predicted to remain with years to come. Another large-scale issue is the greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases affect water supply. If the greenhouse gases are not reduced at the global scale, more people will suffer water scarcity. Other tendencies that occur globally like temperature are heat waves, cold waves, heavy precipitation and obliteration of ecosystems. The second scale would be regionally. When looking at climate change affects on regionalShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Climate Change669 Words à |à 3 PagesThe global climate system is complex and its response to future anthropogenic greenhouse gases and to climate change adaptation, is often poorly understood. Climate change is an area where modeling in the framework of complex adaptive systems can improve our knowledge both with respect to the internal structure and adaptive mechanisms of climate and our capacity for desi gning efficient climate adaptation policies. Modeling of these systems includes a dynamic system consisting of transition equationsRead MoreA Brief Look at Climate Change1838 Words à |à 7 PagesClimate change continues to be one of the biggest issues in the world today, both politically and economically because it aggravates average increases in the global temperature and contributes to rising seawater levels around the world, posing serious threats to human life. A required immediate response from the government to rectify the climate change problem includes penalizing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Hence a carbon tax should be aimed at: lowering GHGs emissions by penalizing pollutersRead MoreClimate Change in Earth1381 Words à |à 6 Pagesmy view, climate change is the most severe problem that we are facing today-more serious even than the threat of terrorism. (King, 2004) were the wise words of Chief Scientific Advisor to the United Kingdom Government. For decades two major topics have been discussed from scholars to mere regular individuals. Rich people, the less fortunate, people from Canada or people from the Middle East, these two topics affect everyone. Those two topics are: climate change and tourism. Climate change can be definedRead MoreBp and Oil Spill996 Words à |à 4 PagesBP was the à ªrst of these companies to change from a reactive to a proactive climate strategy formulation. In 1996, it withdrew from the oppositional Global Climate Coalition (GCC), which was characterized as the most powerful lobby organization in climate policy.28 BP then accepted the climate change problem as diagnosed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and gave its support to the Kyoto Protocol. In 1998 BPââ¬â¢s strategy formu- lation developed further in a proactive directionRead MoreHow Climate Change Is Inherently Flawed1230 Words à |à 5 Pagesrenewed interest in the topic of climate change. In the 2016 Presidential election, the green party received over 1.2 million popular votes nationwide, when they usually receive only 100 thousand or so. With an increased interest in the topic of climate change, I feel it is necessary to provide factual data and projections on the path climate change will take to decrease misinformation. I proclaim the correct course of action to solve the problem of climate change is to do nothing. Almost every argumentRead MoreTaking a Look at Resilient Cities1778 Words à |à 7 PagesResilient Cities is fairly simple, it identifies a problem that cities are subject to and offers possible solutions. Peak oil and climate change pose huge threats to cities in the near future. Many countries and cities have response plans for crises such as terrorism and natural disasters, but very few are equipped to handle the consequences of oil shortages or climate change disasters. Cities must adapt to this possibility by becoming resilient, or risk total collapse. In these one hundred and eighty-fourRead MorePollution Horticulture821 Words à |à 4 Pagesindustry especially with the current economic climate(Hale, 2010). Organically grown plants are less guaranteed having a yield of 10-20% less on average than non organically grown(Leifert, 2010). another effect of pollution is climate change(Houghton, 2010). This undoubtedly will challenge commercial horticulture in a number of ways, firstly it will have a impact on irrigation(Jerry Knox et al, 2007). As the temperature in the UK rises due to climate change by an estimated 1-5à °C annually by the endRead MoreWhat We Know About Climate Change By Kerry Emanuel1140 Words à |à 5 Pagestemperature or change within the gases that which compose the atmosphere. What We Know About Climate Change by Kerry Emanuel aims to address this issue of Earthââ¬â¢s vulnerability head-on as it suggests the plausible causes for the undeniable planetary warming observed in the last century all the while proposing pragmatic solutions to discontinue the unnatural processes credited with the abnormal warming. Brimming with absorbing and educative statistics and facts, What We Know About Climate Change first choosesRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Global Issue Essay1115 Words à |à 5 Pagesbelieves that global warming is a real issue that must be addressed. The world is now at the step in which it must take action to combat climate change. In the push to do this, many countries report their carbon emissions. However, in reporting our carbon emissions, many people are jumping to conclusions by wrongly pointing at China as most responsible for climate change. A Reuters article from April 13, 2015 titled ââ¬Å"China to surpass U.S. as top cause of modern global warmingâ⬠talked about how ChinaRead MoreSeattle Times Report : Climate Change1266 Words à |à 6 PagesSeattle Times Report: Climate-change effects are already apparent in NW Review by Laura Sanders INTRODUCTION Seattle Times reporter Sandi Doughton wrote an article about the impacts climate change is having and could potentially have in the future on the Pacific Northwest. The article outlines the findings in the third National Climate Assessment, published in 2014. The National Climate Assessment summarizes the impacts on climate change on the United States and is compiled by a team of more courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-6703840395888860072020-05-12T18:15:00.001-07:002020-05-12T18:15:04.245-07:00The Fate Of My Future - 859 Words The fate of my future had become a waiting game. Checking the mailbox for letters from universities that I had applied to had become a daily routine. The real waiting began after my automatic admission schools were confirmed; they simply were not enough for me. The schools I was really waiting for were the ones that, unfortunately, were not waiting for my application. The schools that looked at me against thousands of others. My waiting was over one afternoon after my daily mail check. I opened the envelope from Washington State University carefully, finishing a few final prayers to get the odds in my favor. The feeling was everything I had hoped for. An acceptance to a university that actually wanted me. The next few months of my life had become a time for planning. Planning to visit, planning to enroll, and, of course, planning on how to pay. When I was given the opportunity to visit the campus, I worked to convince my parents that we should at least go to see if we liked it. We immediately fell in love. Soon, I would be a Washington State ââ¬Å"Cougarâ⬠, studying Speech Pathology. It was almost a done dealâ⬠¦ until we received our financial aid letter. Not one cent. All the waiting and planning seemed to go to waste. Years of my life were now thrown away by one letter telling me that my family made too much. Too much? I quivered at the word. My parents worked themselves up from the complete bottom of the work force to give their family the best that they possibly could, andShow MoreRelatedFatalism and Determinism1104 Words à |à 5 Pagesdeeper into specific philosophies can completely alter my outlook on life. Life is a particular type or aspect of peopleââ¬â¢s existence and all beings are living this life as far as we know. The question I often find myself asking is whether or not we are the ones making our own choices, living life as we so choose, with no free will at all (determinism), or with our fate set out for us (fatalism). I would like to believe I am in charge of making my own choices and everything is either luck of the drawRead MoreFrankenstein Fate vs Free Will857 Words à |à 4 Pagesgives the reader is the power of Fate versus Free Will. Victor is found by Robert Walton in t he artic while Victor is trying to capture a monster that he has created. Victor flashes back to his past and tells Robert how he created the monster and how the monster killed off his family. He warns Robert about many things by telling him how he reacted and why he reacted that way. Throughout the entire book, the main character Victor Frankenstein, says that it was his fate to create the monster and toRead MoreOedipus the King by Sophocles1393 Words à |à 6 Pagescharacter and whether or not he acts on free will or if his future is predestined by the gods. I am going to test the theory that although Oedipus believes he is acting on his own free will, he is in fact a victim of the gods. I will analyze several different sources that discuss fate and human agency in Oedipus the King and then proceed to build my original argument on the archaic debate. There has been a great deal of criticism on the topic of fate versus human agency in Oedipus the King. In 1968, HerbertRead MoreThe Unavoidable Fate In Oedipus Rex By Sophocles1010 Words à |à 5 PagesUnavoidable Destiny Fate is an unavoidable force that controls life. Oedipus Rex by Sophocles is a Greek tragedy about Oedipus finding the truth about his origin, while also trying to save the city of Thebes from a terrible plague. Oedipus unknowingly ends up killing his father and marrying his mother. When the truths about his sins are discovered, Oedipus blinds himself and exiles himself from Thebes. Oedipus ultimately could not control fate. Oedipus could not control the fate of citizens of ThebesRead MoreMacbeth: Fate vs. Free Will1718 Words à |à 7 PagesFate vs. Free Will 11th of January 2013 Throughout the ages, it has been believed that fate has the power to forge oneââ¬â¢s destiny. By some uncontrollable force, the outcome of a personââ¬â¢s choices is controlled by the way in which they are destined to occur. On the other hand though, some believe these choices can defy fate and that fate only manipulates ones mind into choosing their own path. One question that seemed to pop into my head through out this play was whether individuals were victims ofRead MoreThe Importance Of Fate In Oedipus Rex777 Words à |à 4 Pages Fate is known as a predetermined course of events that are beyond a personââ¬â¢s control. Those individuals that acclaim their fate are eventually granted happiness over those who deny and try to change it. For years cultural and religious groups have emphasized how important trusting in your fate is. For example, Sophoclesââ¬â¢ play entitled Oedipus Rex exemplifies the repercussions of what happens when you slap fate in the face. In Oedipus Rex, the main character, Oedipus tries to run from and changeRead MoreMacbeth Fate And Free Will Analysis1198 Words à |à 5 Pageslove excuses. From the classic ââ¬Å"my dog ate my homeworkâ⬠to ââ¬Å"the FBI confiscated my essay on my way to school this morningâ⬠, excuses are almost as much a part of day-to-day life as language itself. Like most things that are apart of everyday life, excuses have also found their way into literature. However, while procrastinating high school students have ââ¬Å"my pet gerbil, Wallace, made a nest out of my worksheetâ⬠, authors, especially those writing tragedies, have fate. The question of whether or notRead MoreAnalysis Of The Other Wes Moore1371 Words à |à 6 Pagessurrounds themselves with affects their future. The Other Wes Moore: One Name, Two Fates by Wes Moore, is a narrative that tells the story of two males, who share the same name but take two different paths in life. The two Moores experience similar situations , however surround themselves with different types of people, resulting in different paths. One Moore is successful while the other is incarcerated, proving an individualââ¬â¢s environment influences ones future. Ultimately, after analyzing Wes Mooreââ¬â¢sRead MoreFree Will And The Brain Capacity850 Words à |à 4 Pagespeople on this Earth: those who believe in fate, and those who believe that their actions affect their future. When going through a hard time, do you believe you are in that situation because of the choices you made, or do you believe that fate has put you exactly where you need to be? What is free will? As stated in the Merriam-Webster dictionary, free will is ââ¬Å"the ability to choose how to act; the ability to make choices that are not controlled by fate or God.â⬠Are we free? Do we have the brainRead MoreThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare939 Words à |à 4 PagesRomeo was impetuous and did not try to find the cause of Julietââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"deathâ⬠. Friar Lawrence was also unknowing of the future, but still gave an extremely important message, one that would define life and death, into the someone elseââ¬â¢s hands. Certain actions, such as finding out about the Capulet party was fate. Although many events were caused by the loversââ¬â¢ immaturity and impulsiveness, fate was the major cause for their deaths. The meeting between the two lovers, Romeo and Juliet, was predestined, as courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-37115005759623318272020-05-06T20:33:00.001-07:002020-05-06T20:33:27.622-07:00Censorship An Obstacle for True Democracy - 1869 Words Censorship has been used by governments and influential groups throughout history as a tool for political and economic gain since ancient times. The Romans thought censorship was necessary to shape the morals of society to match up with government ideals. During the 1500s the Catholic Church banned certain texts that conflicted with the established religion from being read. In these times the idea of censorship was viewed differently that it is today. With powerful organizations limiting information it was often impossible for an average person to obtain literature or hear ideas that vary from state ideals, they probably didnt even know that their information was being censored. We live in a different age today, information is moreâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In order to understand the significance of this study you first need to understand how Chinese internet censorship works on social media sites. Social media sites in China such as Sina Weibo, which is similar to Facebook or T witter in most places in the world, are required to follow the Public Pledge of Self-Regulation if they wish to continue to operate in China, meaning that the IT companies themselves play a huge role in the Chinese censorship. The Harvard funded study by King, Pan and Roberts analyzed millions of posts before and after they had been censored. They found that for the most part critical views of the Chinese government werent often being censored. On large it was any social media post that related to social mobilization or action that was removed from the 1,400 social media sites that they covered in the study. Meaning that the CCP draws a line between what will seriously cause instability and near harmless criticism. This study makes it incredibly clear what is getting censored on Chinese social media sites and why. Although small in comparison to the level of censorship in countries like China or North Korea , the Dutch have had issues with governmental internet censorship laws. The Netherlands, along with other progressive European countries like Sweden, Denmark and Norway, pass legislation meant to block child pornography.Show MoreRelatedTaming Chinese Cyberspace3090 Words à |à 13 PagesTaming Chinese Cyberspace -- a vision from Weibo Yicheng Zhu Reg. No. 110136970 Course: JNL 6032 Media Censorship Course leader: Dr. John Steel Abstract In this essay the recent fashion of Weibo in Chinese media is discussed, especially on the Chinese authorities and governments attitude towards it, moreover and more importantly, the way of how Weibo is being censored is explained. According to previous theories, internet cannot be regardedRead MorePersonal Privacy or National Security2424 Words à |à 10 Pagesis a consensus that we need balance. Too much of one hurts the other and vise versa. There are a couple of articles that range from Civil Liberties to the birth of public right to know that support the overall claim. Talks about the effects of censorship in different situations like war and peace will help prove that a balance needs to be forged. The problem here isnââ¬â¢t the definition of personal vs national security, but the survival of each in light of each other. There is history in our nationRead MoreCensorship And Freedom Of Speech Essay1947 Words à |à 8 PagesCensorship is becoming a great issue lately especially in china.there is type of censorship moral ,political ,book and intent.it is by definition anything can be offensive or harmful so it must be banned usually by high authority as governments .it is arguable whether the govern ments have the right to censor the media or no.people debate it because it is limit the freedom of speech and press if the authorities have the power to control media by controlling the information. However,media shouldRead MoreCultural Communication Differences Between Cuba and India1333 Words à |à 5 Pagesaround it, the Muslim invaders from the West, the Chinese Buddhists from the East, and the European colonial powers from the Sea. (Difference, 2011) It is the second largest country by population in the world, and has a bustling economy and a liberal democracy for government. Time is fast in India, and getting faster. In cities like Mumbai, where century old neighborhoods are being torn up for new construction, and massive projects are underway to modernize the country, there is a spirit of revival andRead MoreThe Cold War Between East And West From The End Of The Ussr Essay1596 Words à |à 7 PagesUnites States and The Soviet Union- was not only in the domain of defense and economy, but also encompassed ideology and culture. The latter was especially mirrored in the cinema. From the nonviolent coexistence to the climax and fall of prevalent democracies, and all that is within cinema has reflected the societal patterns of major periods in history. Furthermore, the mediaââ¬â¢s evolvement as an effective propaganda machine used mainly for denunciation purposes secured the box office a chief functionRead MoreThe Future of Global Democracy Essay3323 Words à |à 14 Pagestechnologies and the United States sustaining power to influence other countryââ¬â¢s government and policies. These two trends will continue to generate the spread of democracy across the globe. This article is written to help stimulate strategic thinking about Americaââ¬â¢s foreign policy for the future. I will first define democracy, power, and the technology change theory to build a common understanding for the reader. The article will then turn to comparing and contrasting the two social changeRead MoreMedia Laws of Pakistan5215 Words à |à 21 Pagesbudget and will be financed through an annual governmental grant-in-aid as well as other grants and donations and such fees as it may levy from registered newspapers and news agencies. This council is considered to be a euphemistic connotation of censorship. Functions of the Council It is clear from some of the following list of functions of the Council that it will have a sweeping domain to control over, from dealing with Code violations by the press to defending the interests of the press: PreserveRead MoreEssay on Differentiating Marx and Rousseau2189 Words à |à 9 Pagesblueprints Rousseau and Marx had printed were cited to two very different sources. Rousseau approached the problem of oppression from a political standpoint, focusing on the flawed foundation of liberal individualism that has been continually adopted by democracies. Marx on the other hand took an unconventional route of concentrating on economics. By completely eliminating the economic class system, Marx believed there could be a society of which would transcend the realm of politics. Despite their differentRead MoreThe Press and Media Cause Rampant Swaying of the Election Votes through Their Opinions and Reports2668 Words à |à 11 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Adams had obstacles from the beginning of his presidency. The new president had to establish his own identity among these men of his own party, and at the same time he was compelled to defend himself as best he could against the virulent Anti-Federalist press, which had simply resumed its campaign against him where it left off with Washington (Brown 1975). After debates on the topic, Adams and the Federalists were for censorship as the Sedition Act called for. WilliamRead More Analysis of Three Books About Gorbachev Essay3765 Words à |à 16 Pages 112). The answer to peoples pressure Gorbachev began his new line which was characterized by an appeal for frankness. The leaders were ready to face the truth and report to the country that the system was in a bad shape. This was particularly true about the economy. As the Party Congress put it : The production relations that exist currently, the system of husbanding and managing, emerged, in substance, in conditions of extensive economic development. Gradually they became obsolete, lost courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-42156932816097465502020-05-06T12:45:00.001-07:002020-05-06T12:45:47.008-07:00Congestive Heart Failure Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays string(212) " Summary of the mechanisms of action of drugs used in CHF intervention Retrieved from ââ¬Å" The Drug Therapy of Cardiovascular Disorders â⬠By and large, the initial intervention of CHF is by water pills\." Approximately five million Americans are populating with Congestive Heart Failure ( CHF ) and each twelvemonth about 550,000 new instances are diagnosed. CHF is a status where damage occurred to the bosom, ensuing in the bosom is incapable to present sufficient oxygenated blood to the variety meats in order to back up the organic structure ââ¬Ës demands. There are many causes that lead to CHF, for illustration bosom onslaughts, infection, high blood pressure, valvular diseases and intoxicant. We will write a custom essay sample on Congestive Heart Failure Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now [ 1 ] C: UsersosmDesktoposmdocumentsBio Report about CHFsymptoms of CHF.bmp CHF patients would chiefly endure from fatigue, shortness of breath and swelling in mortise joints, legs and venters. Along with the promotions in engineering, there are interventions to assist CHF patients. So, what are the possible interventions available to command and alleviate the symptoms? Symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure hypertext transfer protocol: //www.clivir.com/lessons/show/symptoms-congestive-heart-failure-is-worsening.html ( 125 words ) Solution for Congestive Heart Failure ( CHF ) Drugs Therapy There are two rules in the intervention of CHF. First, take or command the underlying cause such as high blood pressure, valvular disease and thyrotoxicosis. In some instances, the jobs of CHF could be removed if the cause were treated early plenty. Second, command the marks and symptoms. These are done by utilizing three types of drugs: water pills, vasodilatives and positive inotropic drugs. Diuretic drugs For CHF patients, the important symptoms would be the puffiness of venters, legs and mortise joints. Excess fluid would besides show in or around the lungs, taking to shortness of breath. The cause to these symptoms is sodium and H2O keeping. Therefore, water pills which act to cut down Na and H2O keeping by advancing the flow of fluid through kidneys are normally prescribed. The illustrations of Diuretic drugs are Thiazide water pills ( bendrofluazide ) , loop water pills ( Lasix and bumetanide ) and K sparing water pills ( Aldactone ) . [ 2, 5, 6 ] The pick and the dose of water pills depend on the badness of CHF and age. In mild CHF, thiazide water pills would be sufficient whereas in terrible CHF, cringle water pills or combination of thiazide and cringle water pills are recommended. [ 29 ] Normally, patients are asked to keep a low Na diet as good. In add-on, it is normal for patients taking water pills to see frequent micturition. When there is no extra fluid, the symptoms could be relieved and the external respiration would be easier. Besides frequent micturition, water pills besides cause the organic structure to lose K and Mg. Hence, it is critical for physicians to order K and Mg addendum to patients to guarantee that they do non endure from malnutrition. Other side effects of taking water pills include desiccation, hypokalemia, hearing perturbations, and low blood force per unit area. [ 2, 27 ] ( 408 words ) Vasodilators Vasodilators dilate either arteriolas, or venulas, or both to cut down the work burden of the bosom so that bosom could pump with higher efficiency to transport oxygenated blood. ACE inhibitor is one of the vasodilatives. It serves to suppress the action of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ( ACE ) from change overing Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a neurohormone which causes vasoconstriction of the bosom vass, taking to high blood pressure. Besides, Angiotensin II besides causes the organic structure to let go of aldosterone ââ¬â a substance that causes our kidneys to retain Na and fluid, doing hydrops. [ 3, 29 ] So, bEnce, Hdy forestalling the formation of Angiotensin II, both high blood pressure and hydrops could be controlled. Therefore, among vasodilatives, ACE inhibitors are ever the first pick as they have extra action besides vasodilatation. They are besides proven to protract the lives of CHF patients by decelerating down the procedure of bosom harm. [ 25 ] Other illustrations of vasodilatives are hydralazine, prozosin and the illustrations of ACE Inhibitors are captopril, enalapril and lisinopril. [ 4, 5, 29 ] Different vasodilatives have different consequence on arteriolas and venulas. Drug Arterial distension Venous distension Hydralazine ++ ââ¬â Calcium adversaries ++ + ACE inhibitors ++ ++ Prazosin ++ ++ Salbutamol ++ ++ Nitroprusside ++ ++ Nitrates + ++ Opiates + ++ Consequence of different vasodilatives on arteriolas and venulas Retrieved from ââ¬Å" The Drug Therapy of Cardiovascular Disorders â⬠( 613 words ) Although ACE inhibitors have been the most normally used drugs for CHF patients, there are side effects. The possible side effects are pecking, dry cough, low blood force per unit area, declining kidney map and electrolyte instabilities, and seldom, true allergic reactions. [ 2 ] Positive Inotropic Drugs Positive Inotropic Drugs serve to increase the cardiac end product by increasing the force of cardiac contraction. Cardiac glycosides are the most normally prescribed positive inotropic drugs. Cardiac glycosides enhance the cardiac contraction by commanding the bearer protein, Na ââ¬â K pumps in the cell membrane. It inhibits the conveyance of Na ions out of the cells, ensuing in high intracellular Na concentration. This inhibits the map of the 2nd membrane ion pump, NCX, from pumping Ca ions out of the cell and Na ions in. [ 22,29 ] Accumulation of Ca ions inside the cell consequences in a stronger and faster contraction as more Ca is released when stimulated. Q Phosphorus Ventricular end- diastolic force per unit area Low end product symptoms Cardiac Output Normal Congestive symptoms CHF CHF+ Inotropic drug Untitled.jpg The Frank-Starling curve shows the consequence of positive inotropic drugs. It would increase the cardiac end product ( indicate P ) and that would let the ventricular end-diastolic force per unit area to fall without cardiac end product falling below normal ( indicate Q ) , keeping normal cardiac end product. Retrieved from ââ¬Å" The Drug Therapy of Cardiovascular Disorders â⬠( 811 words ) Other illustrations of positive inotropic drugs are phosphodiesterase inhibitors ( Xanthines, Enoximone ) , adrenoceptor agonists and illustration of cardiac glycosides is Digoxin. Cardiac glycosides should non be used or uneffective in the undermentioned conditions: left ventricular outflow obstructor, constricting pericarditis, chronic cor pulmonale and thyrotoxicosis. [ 25 ] Congestive Heart Failure Positive Inotropic drugs Vasoconstriction Reduced cardiac end product Increased after-load Reduced nephritic blood flow Increases chymosin A ; Angiotensin Vasodilators and water pills Sodium and H2O keeping ACE inhibitors Diuretic drugs Summary of the mechanisms of action of drugs used in CHF intervention Retrieved from ââ¬Å" The Drug Therapy of Cardiovascular Disorders â⬠By and large, the initial intervention of CHF is by water pills. If the response towards water pills were deficient, combination of water pills and vasodilatives chiefly ACE inhibitors is common. In terrible CHF, a combination of a diuretic with either a vasodilative or a cardiac glycoside from the start, continuing to a combination of all three if necessary is recommended. [ 28 ] ( 962 words ) As mentioned above, to handle CHF, foremost is to take or command the implicit in cause. Thus, for CHF caused by high blood pressure, it is indispensable to handle high blood pressure. A combination of ACE inhibitors and water pills can be used. It is more effectual than utilizing ACE inhibitors or water pills entirely. The chart below shows that the blood force per unit area of the patients is lowest when combination of ACE inhibitors and water pills is used. The chart shows the comparings of the hypotensive effects of Capoten ( ACE inhibitors ) , water pills and the combination of both in patients with indispensable high blood pressure. Retrieved from Handbook of Hypertension ( 1061 words ) In add-on, medical research workers have found that Aldactone can better the endurance rate of patients with CHF. [ 4, 6, 7 ] They besides prove that the consequence of Aldactone, a diuretic which is an aldosterone adversary can be enhanced by ACE inhibitors as it besides inhibits the stimulation of aldosterone. [ 27 ] Through the survey of RALES ( Randomized Aldactone Evaluation ) test, the study showed a 30 per centum decrease in overall mortality with Aldactone ( 35 versus 46 per centum for placebo ) and it is enhanced by ACE inhibitors. [ 6 ] Graph demoing the decreased mortality rate by 30 per centum with Aldactone ( 35 versus 46 per centum for placebo ) hypertext transfer protocol: //cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn/uptodate/congestive % 20heart % 20failure/Treatment/Use % 20of % 20diuretics % 20in % 20congestive % 20heart % 20failure.htm Degree centigrades: UsersosmDesktoposmdocumentsBio Report about CHFchart demoing cut down mortality httpcmbi.bjmu.edu.cnuptodatecongestive % 20heart % 20failureTreatmentUse % 20of % 20diuretics % 20in % 20congestive % 20heart % 20failure.htm.gif Last, drugs therapy should be assisted by lifestyle alterations. Changes like modest exercising, quit smoke, abstaining from intoxicant and diet with low Na and fluid are utile to alleviate the symptoms and better life ââ¬Ës quality. In fact, analyze shown by American College of Cardiology in March 2009 stated that 30 proceedingss of exercising twice a hebdomad, under the attention of your heart specialist, can cut down the hazard of hospitalization or decease. [ 16 ] ( 1233 words ) Economic Deduction Treatments like medicines or hospitalization has become the basic demand for CHF patient and both caused great fiscal load and economic impact. The cost of CHF admittances to the infirmary ranges from 8 to 15 billion dollars a twelvemonth. [ 14 ] Based on The British Heart Foundation, 2004, over 625 million lbs per twelvemonth in direct medical costs in the UK is used for CHF. Besides, CHF patients are frequently prescribed with more than a individual medicine in a class. [ 15 ] This had further increased the cost for medicines. Degree centigrade: UsersosmPicturesGraph for deduction 2.jpg The chart illustrates Top 4 medicine classs, by New York Heart Association category of bosom failure, prescribed for patients with chronic bosom failure. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //ajcc.aacnjournals.org/cgi/content/full/11/5/474 Due to the high cost, medical insurance are utile when it comes to medical fees. However, it is of import for the patients to be cognizant that the claiming process is sometimes complex and time-consuming. Therefore, patients should ever be financially prepared. ( 1390 words ) Social Implication CHF patients would endure from symptoms such as hydrops, weariness and shortness of breath. They have to command their diet, monitor their weight to do certain there is no unstable keeping and take a heap of medical specialties to command the symptoms. For patients who are tobacco user and alcoholic, they would hold to fight to discontinue their bad wonts as good. They will shortly happen it hard to work and finally neglect to carry on day-to-day activities like bath and frock by themselves. Due to the sudden alterations in their qualities of life, they tend to be emotionally stressed. They would go anti-social as they developed low self-esteem and anxiousness. Thus, aid and societal supports from households, friends and health professionals are of import for CHF patients. In my sentiment, the authorities and non-governmental organisations should collaborate to supply aid for CHF patients and advance healthy life style through runs and negotiations to cut down the instances of CHF. Benefits and hazards Medicines are proven to be effectual in alleviating symptoms and cut downing mortality of CHF patients. Patients barely enjoy their lives like playing with their grandchildren or going as they experience fatigue and shortness of breath. However, with these drugs available, CHF patients get to protract endurance and alleviate the symptoms. Hence, they would hold more cherished clip to be with their households and friends. In contrast, drugs therapy does hold hazards. Different types of medicines have different hazards of side effects. Some of the side effects are mild but some are non. For illustrations, although water pills relieve symptoms of CHF, it has side effects like low blood force per unit area and desiccation. Besides, it is rare but non impossible that some drugs cause terrible side effects. ACE inhibitors, for case, may do an utmost decrease in infection-fighting white blood cells. [ 26 ] Treatments are needed to last but hazards are inevitable. is isTherefore, CHF patients are advised to follow the doses prescribed by physicians consequently and be cognizant of the side effects before taking the medical specialties. ( 1720 words ) Alternate Solutions Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ( CRT ) Ventricles of a CHF patient frequently do non pump in unison and the contraction would be out of synchronism. As a consequence, the left ventricle can non pump sufficient oxygenated blood to the organic structure. In this status, CRT is frequently recommended. CRT, besides known as the biventricular pacesetter, is a specially designed pacesetter which treats the hold in the ventricles contraction of the bosom. It keeps the right and left ventricles pumping in unison by directing little electrical urges through the leads. [ 10 ] This device has 2 or 3 lead wires positioned in the bosom. The leads are implanted through a vena in the right atrium and right ventricle and into the coronary fistula vena to gait the left ventricle. [ 11 ] Biventricular Pacemaker Heart Illustration Diagram of biventricular pacesetter hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicinenet.com/biventricularpacemaker/article.htm CHF patients are at hazard of arrhythmia, which is any upset of bosom rate or beat. [ 12 ] Thus, physicians would urge a combination of implantable cardioverter defibrillator ( ICD ) and biventricular. ICD helps by observing the irregular bosom beat and present a daze to acquire the bosom rhythm back to normal. Surveies approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have shown that an ICD with biventricular better life quality and may cut down mortality by up to 40 per centum in patients with CHF. [ 13 ] ( 1932 words ) Heart Transplant Heart organ transplant is a surgical process to take a morbid bosom and replace it with a healthy bosom from a giver who has been declared brain-dead but remains on life support. [ 8 ] It is a accomplishable intervention option for terrible CHF patients when their conditions are beyond control of drugs and devices like CRT and ICD. After bosom organ transplant, energy and mobility of patients can be restored. However, the hazard of bosom organ transplant is high. The new bosom transplanted may neglect to work or rejected as it is considered as a ââ¬Å" foreign organic structure â⬠. [ 17 ] Thus, the immune system is suppressed to forestall rejection. By stamp downing the immune system, receivers are at hazard of acquiring infections and malignant neoplastic disease as their organic structure immune system can non support them any longer. A A GermanyA 22.9 % A A ItalyA 10.7 % A A FranceA 10 % A A CanadaA 9 % A A BelgiumA 6.8 % A A AustriaA 5.5 % A A NetherlandsA 3.8 % A A PolandA 3.6 % A A Czech RepublicA 3.1 % A A SpainA 2.7 % A A AustraliaA 2.6 % A A NorwayA 2.1 % A A TaiwanA 1.9 % A A BrazilA 1.5 % A A SwedenA 1.5 % A A ArgentinaA 1.5 % A A ColombiaA 1.4 % A A MexicoA 1.4 % A A DenmarkA 1.3 % A A IrelandA 1.1 % pie chart of bosom transplant.jpg Pie chart demoing the per centum of bosom graft in the state surveyed in 2002 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_tra_hea-health-transplants-heart ( 2076 words ) In fact, there are some conditions where bosom organ transplant is non recommended, for illustration for those who have malignant neoplastic disease, infections, hapless map of other variety meats, malnutrition or diabetes. [ 8 ] Consequently, terrible CHF patients would be evaluated by bosom graft squad to make up oneââ¬â¢s mind whether they are suited campaigners for bosom organ transplant before their names are added into the state waiting list. After the organ transplant, careful monitoring and interventions are ongoing procedure to do certain no infections, rejections and other hazards. [ 9 ] Evaluation ââ¬Å" Medical research workers have found that Aldactone can better the endurance rate of patients with congestive bosom failure â⬠This infusion is taken from mention, [ 4 ] , hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicinenet.com/congestive heartfailure/page5.htm. This beginning is dependable since the similar information is found in beginning [ 6 ] . Besides, the wellness information of the web site is provided by professionals and experts in the Fieldss of medical specialty and health care. The physicians of Medicine Internet are besides the writer of the ââ¬Å" Webster ââ¬Ës New WorldTM Medical Dictionary â⬠for the first to 3rd editions ( May, 2008 ) . Therefore, with them as the writer or editor, the beginning is dependable. Furthermore, this website complies with the ââ¬Å" HONcode â⬠criterion for trusty wellness information. Another beginning which I found dependable is, [ 8 ] , hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/ article/003003.htm. It is really utile in supplying the elaborate information related to bosom organ transplant. The information of this beginning is a service from the U.S. National Library of Medicine ( NLM ) , the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) , and other authorities bureaus and health-related organisations which is trustable. Besides, this beginning is one of the five victors of ââ¬Å" 2005 World Summit on the Information Society awards â⬠for e-health and it besides complies with the ââ¬Å" HONcode â⬠criterion for trusty wellness information. [ 24 ] In add-on, Consumer Reports on March 2009 mentioned that the beginning, Medline Plus is recognized as the authorities wellness web site that is ââ¬Å" most dependable and easiest to voyage â⬠. This farther ensures the dependability of this beginning. ( 2385 words ) How to cite Congestive Heart Failure Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-19294245500015744382020-05-06T03:32:00.001-07:002020-05-06T03:32:06.485-07:00Illustration Essay free essay sample Music Music comes on in all different types of ways. People listen to music about fifty percent of the time. They listen in their car, at work and home. Some people even study to music. Jazz, gospel and rap are some of the most popular kinds of music. A first example is Jazz. Jazz has a very soft sound. They use saxophones and horns most of the time. People of all ages listen to this type of music. Jazz Is usually played In nice restaurants. Plano plays a big role In Jazz music as well.Most Jazz music Is Instrumental. This Is very good style of music. A second example Is gospel music. It appeals to older people. They have a contemporary. This type of music supposed to draw the younger people. It has an upbeat and mostly from the Bible. This music supposed to draw people Christ. This is one of the oldest types of music. We will write a custom essay sample on Illustration Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It dates all the way back to slavery. A third example is rap. Rap appeals mostly to the younger crowd. They have hard core rap. This type of music uses a lot of foul language. They talk about drugs and alcohol.This music also has a lot of bass in it. People usually play this music very loud. People usually can hear the cars coming down. The cars make the windows of houses shake. Then there is hip hop rap. This music usually has half naked women dancing in their videos. Most elder people dont like this music. In conclusion, music appeals too lot of different people. Music can be heard just about every in the world. Music will always be around. All types are popular but these are the most popular. Hopeful music will be around for a very long time. courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-18021607945129136722020-05-03T02:58:00.001-07:002020-05-03T02:58:03.462-07:00Marketing And The Media Essay Example For Students Marketing And The Media Essay Matthew CourtneyMay 2000Media Ethics and Their Relation to Business In this world, there is an obvious connection between the media and its involvement in business ethics. No matter what the form of media looked at, they all have the ability of being either an aid to businessââ¬â¢s success or a detriment. The press and the media are responsible for reporting news, issues and events as clearly as possible. Any distortions can cause the message being sent to be misinterpreted or completely wrong. News organizations are given a responsibility of representing the public interest. In order to gain the publicââ¬â¢s trust, such broadcasters are required to work within the parameters of ethical and responsible new casting. No matter what the issue, company or news being reported on, every media organization works off of a Code of Ethics. This is a sort of safeguard to the honesty of the organization. It demands truth telling, privacy of individuals being documented, and avoids the many conflicts that could possibly arise as a result of misinforming the public. Stylebooks are also used in order to form a generalized style of writing to allow for easy read through, from one writer to the next. There are many different kinds of businesses in this world. The successes of these businesses are primarily as a result of their reputation. The media winds up being a medium that forms many of the reputations. The way a news broadcast, print, radio and even Internet presents a company has a great effect on the resulting emotion or feeling one associates with a business or company. This is why the media ethics are so important to the introduction, growth, and development of a company. Large companies rely on their name in the media and are always ready to respond to any situation with a quick answer or rebuttal. In addition to the reputation of a company being important, so is the reputation of the organization doing the broadcast. Names in the business world that are known to be accurate and reliable include CNN, CSPAN, local news stations such as CBS, NBC, ABC etc. Those who watch the business world closely are more inclined to go to reliable sources for their information. What is reported on these stations are considered as true based mainly on their past records. But when the occasion does arise, where the media goes about treating a business, or situation in an unethical manner many problems arise. In order to understand this type of situation clearly, it is good to look at actual examples where the media ethics become involved in communicating or the miscommunication of a business. Many recent problems in the media world are being attributed to the advances in technology. Although these advances are great and making life easier, things are being done so quickly that many important steps are being forgotten. In the rush to present a story first, many journalists are forgetting to be accurate and balanced in their covered stories. The pressures of live broadcast are requiring journalists to focus on a new set of questions in order to check and be sure the position and format in which they present their story is clear of any unethical issues. A committee known as SPJ is focused on the ethics of journalism in all forms of media and claims ââ¬Å"The SPJ Code of Ethics encourages journalists to minimize harm by recognizing that our coverage can hurt, cause discomfort or be insensitive. During an event we must remember to ââ¬Ëshow good task. Avoid pandering to lurid curiosity.â⬠Being aware is the most important thing. As long as the media is aware of the impact they will have on their audience, they will be better able to communicate the core of what is at hand. In the business world there is so much competition, that failure is a common thing. In order to be secure in the business world ethics becomes unavoidable. The press and media are attracted to ethical issues on both sides of the matters. A business that is ethical will be regarded and presented almost always in an ethical manner. These are the ones who succeed and are able to make a reputation that will give them confidence to make it in the real world. Thos e who are unethical will eventually be deemed with that quality. It is a negative quality that can destroy a company. This is where the media tends to play such a crucial part of the situation. The role of the media and the press is to communicate to the public a number of aspects of a company or business. The media must portray a company in a certain way in order to gain the initial attention of the public. This may be originally done through advertising. Yet, the already established companies are the ones who are relying on the press to update the city, town or nation on their current situations in the business world. Every medium the media has, whether it be news, radio etc. is given the opportunity through words to present a business in either a positive or negative view, serious or joking manner, respectable or untrustworthy company etc. With so many options at hand, business wind up putting a lot of trust in these organizations. Of course, some will be able to carry out such a responsibility better, and this is where the positioning of oneââ¬â¢s business becomes important. CNN isnââ¬â¢t going to look at the local neighborhood bakery; instead they are going to fo cus both their time and energy on the large banks, investing companies, real estate firms etc. The business magazines are going to look at the biggest names in the field because that is what they are responsible for looking at. Craneââ¬â¢s will look at only the top real estate and property management companies because they have given themselves a reputation for only focusing on the best. Positioning plays a major role on both the media end and the business end. Newspapers and news broadcasts are to hold the responsibility of reporting accurately at a very high standard. If there wrong information regarding a business is reported, there are many effects and outcomes that can be triggered. From the business worldââ¬â¢s perspective everyone is well aware of the role of ethics. In every decision made, businesses are required to look at the situation and make in all cases an ethical decision. It is interesting to look at the role of ethics in businesses compared to the role of ethics in life. For one reason or another, business ethics seem to be held in higher regard. This may be plain and simply because money is involved and everyone is out to succeed. When you see business ethics in that light is clear how important the media is in creating clear communication lines of all business ethics- to the best of their abilities. TRIBUNEMany times in the mission statement of a media organization, you can tell how highly they hold ethics as a part of their company and their reporting. Of course every mission statement will vary, but one underlying element is whether or not the ethics are valued. More or less, ethics can be the backbone to most statements and if followed, it will result in an ethical company. LOCAL PARTY COMMITTEE SUMMARY EssayIn order to be the success that they are, they have drawn up a number of policies that they go by. The main one I found to be of ethical importance is as follows:ââ¬Å"Public policies should be market driven and industry led. Policies should be developed collaboratively, with input from industry leaders, government officials, and perhaps most importantly, consumers and other stakeholders. Public or private gatekeepers should not be allowed to prevent new entry, deny business opportunities or limit the free flow of information in the Internet.â⬠AOL has been called one of the most popular companies in the Internet market. Everything they are communicating over their Internet waves must be of value. AOL must communicate all ethical business matters in order to be regarded and trusted by other companies. Those businesses that refuse to look after their own self-interests will not be in business long enough to have any impact. At the same time, however, there can certainly be regard for a larger purpose. For some businesses, commitment to a larger purpose would be simply learning the difference between right and wrong, while others take a more responsible view of the role they play in the lives of their employees, their customers, and ultimately how they affect the world. AOL did just that and is a major success because of it. AOL shows its users the importance of a company with value and passes these ideals onto its users. It is careful to represent only that which has worth. The media is the connection between businesses and the consumer. Through this connection there is always a careful eye taken by the media to focus on the various actions of companies and their corporate ethics. The media plays a major role in communicating these ethics because they wind up playing such an evident part in the consumerââ¬â¢s decision-making process. The concepts of right and wrong seem so simple on the surface. Websterââ¬â¢s defines morality as adherence to a standard of right human conduct. Superficially, that definition would be easy for the simple to understand. When the focus is narrowed, however, it seems that the concept of morality grays in its boundaries. Unfortunately, wrong to some becomes acceptable by others. Morality is not only the black and white that the simple so seemingly effortlessly can see, with that clear line of separation between it and immorality. In the media world, it is necessary to view these black and white areas as simple as possibl e in order for the most generalized understanding to occur. The media becomes successful in connecting the ethics of business with the consumer mind when all is done in the correct context and with no distortions at all. For the media to act responsibly is for the media to act intelligently. Much of what is called ââ¬Å"unethical conductâ⬠is unintelligent conduct. The media must fulfill their roll as contributing to the ethics of business and in a way representing everything in a truthful manner. A business places this trust in the media, while at the same time the media relies on the trust that whatever they are reporting is in reality carried out by the business. The press and the media must be reliable in the dealings with all businesses no matter what there status in the business world. All companies must be treated fairly and given the chance to prove their value to the customer. The media and the press have the ability to reach all kinds of people, of all ages, and all over the world. Having this much power it is clear that they have an impact unlike many others. PBSIn doing this research I came across one of FAIRââ¬â¢s reports on the Public Broadcasting Station. Everyone is aware that this form of television is exactly that- public. The mission of PBS is simply, ââ¬Å"to provide a voice for groups in the community that may otherwise be unheard.â⬠This station and form of media is based on value not money. Itââ¬â¢s reputation has been built up to be only ââ¬Ënotedââ¬â¢ by a limited audience. Much of the business world that PBS presents is readily available on CNN, CSPAN, and MSNBC etc. This inattention by public television to a wide ranged audience, such as the views and experiences of working people is of concern due to the large growth of business programs and the increasing visibility of the corporate voice. PBS is commonly regarded as that of a teaching channel. This organization prides itself on the organizations and companies it presents to its audience no matter how limited it may be. PBS holds strong against privatizing and feeling confident on relying on sponsors to support their organization. This form of media probably can be noted as having among the best intentions. Educational motives, creates what may be the most honest and truthful form of communication. That which PBS presents looks to give its viewers the clearest picture of what is being scene. Perhaps this programming which may not be regarded as highly as other stations- may deliver the best in communicating the ethics of business and what it means to be a part of the corporate world to its viewers. IN SUMLooking at the role the press and media plays in communicating the ethics of business makes you look at the wider spectrum of what exactly a organization is reporting and the manner in which they are presenting the material. Ethics is a big part of humanity and the only thing that at least attempts at keeping things honest. If the media and the press were not responsible for looking at various companies and reporting their findings to the consumer, then many companies would attempt at taking advantage of individuals. Companies receive the majority of their reputation, whether it be weak or strong, due to the media. The media reinforces ethics. It is a constant reminder that the ethics in the corporate world are not to be forgotten. This is important for the sake of honest trade, consumer loyalty and the well being of all markets in the world. The individual organizations that make up the ââ¬Å"mediaâ⬠hold this responsibility once there mission statement notes they have a loyalty to their reader, listener, viewer etc. Ethics and the media go hand in hand, the roles they play within each other are indispensable. Websites contacted for information:Marketing Essays courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-83473254429157092912020-03-25T04:19:00.001-07:002020-03-25T04:19:03.382-07:00Josquin Desprez free essay sample In the history of Western music Josquin Desprez became one of the most influential composers. Not much was known about this great composerââ¬â¢s time on earth. A lot of what people know about his life is expressed through his music. Josquinââ¬â¢s estimated date of birth is said to be 1440. Recent research shows that his birth date could have been later sometime in the 1450ââ¬â¢s. Before he died in 1521 Desprez made a huge impact on the music during the Renaissance. Years after Josquin Desprezââ¬â¢s death, his music was distributed all throughout Europe and Germany. A quote from Todd M. McComb, who wrote a discography about Desprez, helps one to understand why his music became so popular and it says, ââ¬Å"The clear textures and text declamation which Josquin employed set the stage not only for the next developments of technical harmony, but for the clarity and conciseness demanded by the Counter-Reformation of Palestrina et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Josquin Desprez or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page as well. Josquins output displays a rare combination of innovation and accomplished technical mastery, and has retained for him a position as the most prominent composer of the early sixteenth century, perhaps the high point of Western music as a whole. â⬠This simply meant his music was recited clearly and concisely. He was doing things that no other composer had done to music. He also improved the techniques other composer had been using for years. This statement by McCobb sums up the reasons Desprez was honored so much for his music. His style allowed him to compose over a hundred motets and many other works while he was alive. Polyphonic imitation was a common technique in motets. Polyphonic imitation is where one musical line shares or imitates the same musical theme as the proceeding line. One song by Desprez, titled Ave Maria- Virgo Serena, uses polyphonic imitation all throughout the piece. This piece describes his work the best. One said, ââ¬Å"With his strict canonic opening and subsequent structural interplay,â⬠this song is a perfect example of his style. The songs meaning comes from when the angel Gabriel told Mary about Jesusââ¬â¢ birth. Hail thou that art highly favored, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women. (Luke 1:28) is a scripture from the bible that is quoted in the song. Centuries later the song is still very popular. Since Desprez, many many composers have remade the song Ave Maria. I have heard the song played in theatre, at weddings, church, and now for a music assignment. Out of all the renditions of Ave Maria the version by Beyonce Knowles has made this song one of my favorite songs. Now that I have heard Josquins original version I see that Beyonce was nowhere near close to resembling this song. The most important aspect of the song is the imitation of the soprano voice to alto to tenor then bass and her rendition was more like a solo with a different meaning. Through his music Josquin Desprez influenced many composers of his time and he still continues to influence composers of modern times. To some, Desprez is still noted as the greatest composer of Western music and also a leader in Renaissance music. Josquin Desprez brought to the table polyphonic imitations which are still used today in chorus. Today Desprezââ¬â¢s work that happened centuries ago are still the influence for some artist today. courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-7307490996208652172020-03-06T11:31:00.001-08:002020-03-06T11:31:03.344-08:00A poster from the movie The Graduate follows a general formulaic pattern in its presentation EssaysA poster from the movie The Graduate follows a general formulaic pattern in its presentation Essays A poster from the movie The Graduate follows a general formulaic pattern in its presentation Essay A poster from the movie The Graduate follows a general formulaic pattern in its presentation Essay Essay Topic: General In an argument, there are many types of tools used to evoke the audience to conviction and then to action. As a society, the importance of communicating a thought or idea to an audience has motivated different methods of arguments that can be expressed in written words, speech or pictures. Movie posters are a great example of the type of propaganda or arguments that the media uses today in order to promote a particular movie. A poster from the movie The Graduate follows a general formulaic pattern in its presentation, namely by presenting the facts of the movie, toying with the emotions of the on-looker, and challenging the values of society as a whole. The general argument of a movie poster is to convey the facts of the movie through the characters in the picture. This can be done by showing what they are doing or simply stating the title it is the posters statement and proof. In The Graduate poster, the main character is Dustin Hoffman, who plays the leading role as Ben Braddock. The only other character is a womans bare leg save the sheer pantyhose, which she is either putting on or taking off. This picture immediately grabs the audiences attention and presents the argument that this movie is about the experiences of one man, Braddock, and that the general theme of the movie has a sexual connotation. The title seems to at first confuse the on-looker because of its incongruity with the picture. It entices the audience to ask questions. Is the character graduating to a higher level of sexuality? Is he a recent graduate of school or the task he was motivated to complete? In the end, the audience leaves with the knowledge of who is involved in the movie and what it is possibly going to be about. Another benefit a movie poster has for an argument is its emotional appeal and response. The Graduate manages to do this in a shocking way. In the book, everythings an argument, the author says, If writers can use words to rouse readers to specific feelings, they might also move them to sympathize with ideas associated with those feelings, and even to act on them (Lunsford, 50). This view can be the same when considering pictures or paintings. The most famous scene from The Graduate is with Braddock (Hoffman) standing in a room, dressed, with his hands buried in his pockets and staring at a womans sexy leg. The expressions on his face and in his posture are uncertainty, vulnerability, and insecurity, which make the audience wonder who and what type of woman has this effect on him. All of these emotions are given to the on-looker and thus gives a sense of curiosity not only to see what his reaction in this scene will be, but most importantly, who is the leg? As a result, these feeling s can certainly lead to conviction and then action. Movie posters can also use the method of a value argument in the artwork. The Graduate accomplishes this simply from the time period that it was released. In 1967 the values of society were changing rapidly, and the ideas of conflict and controversy were an everyday occurrence. A bare leg exudes a level of confidence and control the woman has over Ben (Hoffman), giving the idea and values of sexual independence and freedom which was especially prevalent at this time. However, on the other end of the spectrum, the poster not only highlights the values of sexual freedom but also uncloaks the disgust, by some, of sexual promiscuity and immorality. Consequently, while this poster invigorates some, it offends others. The ability to understand different types and methods of arguments can be expressed and explained through cultural works of art, like movie posters. Additionally, using arguments of fact, emotion, and value can serve as a foundation for conviction and action both favorable and unfavorable to its cause. courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-42817200038594152992020-02-19T02:58:00.001-08:002020-02-19T02:58:03.939-08:00Statistics1 Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsStatistics1 - Statistics Project Example The calculated measure for sample is called as statistic whereas the same measure for the population is known as parameter. Sampling error is the error that occurs when the sample is not a representative of the population. This arises out of incorrect sampling method being used to describe the population. The error means that the statistic for the sample will be different from the parameter for the population An experiment is a scientific research method in which the researcher controls one or more variables and measures the changes in other variables. Experimental research is generally used when there is high degree of correlation between the variables. Dr. Jones has conducted an experimental study. Dr. Jones has controlled the variable quality of breakfast by dividing the sample into two groups and administering different quality of breakfast to each. Academic performance is the dependent variable which is studied for both the groups. Nominal v/s Ordinal: While nominal scale is the representation of a descriptive category of the variable, the ordinal scale is the representation of the also contains the magnitude of the order of the value on the scale. For example, while gender that can only have male or female as the value is a nominal scale, the position of a horse in a race is the example of the ordinal scale Ordinal v/s Interval: Apart from the ranking in an ordinal scale, the interval scale also the magnitude of the difference between two values in the series. For example temperature on days is an interval variable because we can also measure the magnitude of the difference between the temperatures on two days. Interval v/s ratio: Apart from the measurement of magnitude, the ratio scale also contains the absolute zero value for a variable below which no value can exist. Example of such a variable will be courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-84793129959880798842020-02-04T03:49:00.001-08:002020-02-04T03:49:02.806-08:00Ratios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsRatios - Essay Example The standardized scope of financial ratios also limits quantitative aspects of the communicated information because the ratios do not communicate exact values of financial information. Profitability is for example expresses in ratios and a firm with relatively lower profit level may report higher profitability ratio than a firm that has recorded higher profit volume. Ratios also assume linear relationship between variables and this mislead stakeholders because most variables are not linearly related (Lee, 2006). Investors could use liquidity ratios to make decisions, on whether to invest in a company or not, by comparing the ratios to the value one. Ratios that are less than one means that a company is overwhelmed by debt, is liable to creditorsââ¬â¢ terms and should inform a potential investor against the company. Ratios, which are greater than one, however mean an organizationââ¬â¢s independence from creditorsââ¬â¢ adverse influences and offers short-term stability for investment. Investors can also use the magnitude of liquidity ratios to understand the level of a companyââ¬â¢s liquidity for investment decision because a more liquid company is more secure for investorsââ¬â¢ short term interests (Lee, courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-51325874134425498102020-01-27T00:13:00.001-08:002020-01-27T00:13:03.639-08:00Employment of Special Forces in Conventional OperationsEmployment of Special Forces in Conventional Operations INTRODUCTION General 1. The history of warfare is replete with instances of a band of elite troops taking on a numerically superior force and using surprise to achieve relative superiority to emerge victorious. In a world where the nature of threat is becoming increasingly complex encompasses the entire spectrum of warfare, Special Forces hold their own importance. These highly trained motivated troops with sophisticated weapons equipment are capable of operating in all types of terrain weather conditions to seek a favourable response to sensitive situations. 2. In an era of modern warfare where all dimensions of force, time, space even virtual space or cyberspace are likely to be exploited to gain moral or physical ascendancy over the adversary, the role of the Special Forces becomes very important. It is therefore incumbent on any nation to have these forces fully geared up to confidently take up the challenges of the modern battlefield environment with a sound backing of tried tested doctrines employment concepts. Hypothesis 3. Given the changing face of warfare the aspirations of our nation to be a global player, there is a requirement of carrying out organisational doctrinal changes to our Special Forces for undertaking conventional operations in the future. Statement of the Problem 4. It seems quite obvious that there indeed is a need for having a re-look at the way the Special Forces are employed in present context of operations. Therefore, the problem can be stated as What are the organisational doctrinal changes required for effective employment of the Special Forces in conventional operations in the future? Justification of the Study 5. Recent wars such as those in Kosovo or Iraq have amply proved that no single instrument of war wins a campaign or successfully executes a mission. As conflicts become more complex and diverse, those involved with planning and executing campaigns and missions have greater challenges at hand[i]. 6. The Special Forces, by virtue of their superior combat training specialised weapons equipment, are a force multiplier unit available not only to a tactical commander to gain an upper hand vis-a-vis the adversary in a tactical battle, but also to a strategic force commander due to their ability to strike at the decisive points of the enemy. Special Forces are also a very effective force available to the commander in sub conventional operations where the very nature of the latter is based on small team concept. 7. On a larger canvas, as part of our growing influence in world matters our expanding interests in the Asian region, it may be necessary in future to station own Special Forces in some of the nations for safeguarding of our foreign assets as well as to improve our capability to react to an Out of Area contingency. 8. It is therefore mandatory to study as to what are the fundamental changes, if any, which are required so that our Special Forces are able to effectively execute the multifarious tasks expected out them in the future battlefield. Scope 9. The scope of the study encompasses a brief overview of the organization structure of the special operations forces of a few major developing developed countries followed by an assessment of the present organisation concept of employing our special forces. The study will thereafter analyse the likely future world order the spectrum of conflicts in the future analyse the changes in present organisation concept of employment to meet challenges of conventional operations in the future. 10. The study does not deliberate upon the specific operations of the Special Forces. However, an operation or part thereof may be included in a chapter to bring out certain lessons having a bearing on the topic. 11. The study will be carried out in the following manner:- (a) Chapter I : Overview of the Special Forces of various nations. (b) Chapter II : Present organisation concept of employment of Indias Special Forces. (c) Chapter III : Future world order spectrum of conflict. (c) Chapter IV : Changes in present organisation concept of employment to meet challenges of conventional operations in the future. (d) Conclusion. i Air Power Special Operations: AIR POWER Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 SUMMER 2005 (Apr-Jun) 102 pp 91-93 . CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE SP ECIAL FORCES OF VARIOUS NATIONS Intro duction 1. The evolution of the SF has been a continuous process the world over since the times of the Vikings the Mongols. Every age has produced a special soldier, be it the Greek Hoplite, the English Archer, Chhatrapati Shivaji of India, the Green Beret of the USA the Paratrooper Regiment of India. 2. The process of evolution of the SF gathered pace during after the World War II. Today, almost all nations with a standing army have the Special Operations Forces on their strength. In order to derive lessons about the role employment of the Indian Special Forces, it is therefore pertinent to study the organisational employment models of some of the modern Special forces of various nations of the world. SEC ââ¬â 1: SPECIAL AIR SERVICE ( SAS) OF UK 3. In the post war western world, the UK has been the leading nation in evolving SF organisations, specialised equipment, training employment doctrines. 4. Organisation . The SAS was raised in the 1950s has evolved into a balanced, well trained force headed by the Director, Special Forces Group. The Director reports directly to Whitehall the Chief of Defence Staff. Under him, he has the following forces[ii]:- (a) 21st, 22nd 23rd SAS Regiments. (b) Special Boat Section (SBS). (c) 14th Intelligence Group. Note . Of these, the 22nd SAS is the only active regiment while the other two are Territorial Army SAS units. 5. The Royal Air Force (RAF) has a dedicated squadron which includes fixed rotary wing aircrafts for the operations in support of the SAS. 6. The primary mission of the SAS has been to undertake unconventional military operations in a conventional war. The SAS has performed this mission in various conflicts like the Falklands War the Gulf War with remarkable degree of success. Another task which the SAS was assigned in the near past was that of incident response operations dealing with intervention in hijack hostage situations. The SAS earned a niche for themselves by providing quality training advisory teams to a large number of Middle Eastern African nations. 7. Over the years, the SAS has developed into a highly professional force with clearly defined missions well equipped, highly trained motivated personnel to execute them. SEC 2: SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES (SOF) OF THE USA 6. The USA has the most elaborate well organised SF establishment in the world. It is also one of the largest with an overall strength of over 45,000 personnel a budget of over $ 4 bn. 7. The US adopts a systems approach to respond to problems which shows their bureaucracy in a good light demonstrates the clarity of thought determination of their leadership. 8. The US SOF has a dual role in todays context. They are seen as the nations penetration strike force as well as warrior diplomats capable of influencing, advising, training conducting operations with foreign forces, officials population. 9. The Posture Statement mandates the SOF to be able to undertake the following types of missions:- (a) Counter Proliferation. (b) Counter Terrorism. (c) Foreign International Defence. (d) Special Reconnaissance. (e) Direct Action. (f) Psychological Operations. (g) Civil Affairs. (h) Unconventional Warfare. (j) Information Operations. 10. As can be seen, the SOF of the US has been created to undertake a plethora of operations. More importantly, they have also been tasked to carry out operations like Civil Affairs, Psychological Operations Information Operations which have assumed tremendous importance in todays conflicts. Organisation 11. The SOF has an elaborate joint services organisational structure headed by a four star General who reports directly to the Joint Chiefs of Staff the National Command Authority. The detailed organisation of the SOF is as shown at Appendix A[iii]. 12. Each of the unified theatre commands has a separate Special Operations Command (SOC) to meet their special requirements. The Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) is a joint headquarters that deals with organisational training aspects is designed to study special operations requirements techniques, ensure interoperability equipment standardisation, plan conduct joint special operations exercises training. SEC- 3 : SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES OF CHINA 11. The SOF of China is modelled upon the Russian SOF pattern. Chinese forces, although adept at guerrilla warfare special missions, did not have a dedicated Special Forces component until the early 1990s when China underwent a doctrinal change from peoples war towards fighting a local war under high-tech conditions[iv]. 12. All the seven mil regions in China have a dedicated SOF component capable of deploying upto a regiment sized force. As its strategic reserve, the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) also has the 51st Airborne Division equipped with the BMD3 Paratrooper vehicles. The division has the capability to conduct airborne operations in a radius of upto 900 kms is likely to be employed for sabotage missions, disruption of command control structures etc. 13. PLA Airborne Corps plays a critical role in special operations scenario. It forms part of the PLAs strategic reserve rapid reaction forces. Airborne operations in the context of China include paratroops operations, air transport operations, heliborne operations special operations. The division inventory of the AB Corps is similar to that of an infantry division except for the heavy weaponry like tanks, heavy artillery anti-aircraft weapons. 14. The PLA Navy (PLAN) also has several elite units specialised in underwater special operations is known as the Amphibious Reconnaissance Groups. These are similar to the SBS of UK or the SEALs of the USA. 15. The SOFs Taiwan-focused training over the years has made them highly proficient at locating and destroying transportation nodes, logistics depots, and conducting reconnaissance missions. With the growing threat of terrorism on its Western borders, the SOF has also been strengthened in the fields of counter-terrorism, unconventional combat, as well as direct attack missions. 16. Although a conflict with China over disputed territory is by no means imminent, it would be wise for Indian policy makers and defence analysts to take note of the SOFs relatively newly acquired strengths, especially its ability to locate and destroy transportation nodes and logistics depots. In the event of hostilities, a PLA first strike would likely involve air strikes followed by a ground incursion and in order for this to occur, the SOF would need to create ground conditions that would be conducive to such operations. India should remain vigilant along its disputed border with China and should maximise any opportunity that it has to observe Taiwan-focused PLA training[v]. 17. Major indicators of the role importance of the SOF suggest the following:- (a) The evolution development of the SOF in China display both traditional modern principles of special operations. (b) The Chinese have emphasised on specialised warfare techniques since the 1990s after a deep study analysis of Gulf War the ongoing War on Terror. (c) The role of the SF in anti-terror operations is the new element that has been added to the overall strategy in the recent time. (d) Improvement in specific areas like sea-borne operations, EW IW suggest that these could be extensively employed in future regional conflicts with India etc. (e) Efforts to improve AB operational capabilities indicate its ambitions to gain strategic advantage in the Himalayan Region. SEC- 4: SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES OF PAKISTAN 18. The SOF of Pakistan is known as the Special Services Group (SSG). The first unit was formed in the late fifties with an initial strength of 12 companies including a SCUBA company. Post the debacle of 1965 Indo- Pak war, the SSG was reorganised expanded. Two new battalions a HQ were raised. In 1970, the SSG formed an independent combat diver unit by re-designating the old SCUBA Company. An additional company, the ZARAR Company was raised in 1980 as a CT force with the assistance of the British SAS[vi]. 19. The current strength of the SSG is estimated to be upto four battalions of 700 personnel each. The Commander SSG, of the rank of a Brigadier oversees the operations of the SSG. The Group has dedicated air assets earmarked for its employment. Of the four battalions, one battalion is under training at any given time, two are under operational deployment one is deployed for security of vital strategic assets. 20. The missions of the SSG include the following:- (a) Unconventional Warfare. (b) Long-range reconnaissance intelligence gathering. (c) Riverine operations. (d) CT. (e) Tactical Assaults. (f) Target designations for air force artillery. (g) Protection of vulnerable points. 21. The SSG is a battle- hardened force has grown in strength experience since the debacle of 1965. It has gained some really worthy experience during its recent employment in the operations against the Taliban al-Qaeda in NWFP Swat valley. ii Brigadier Deepak Sinha: Beyond the Bayonet Indian Special Operations Forces in the 21st Century. Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi. iii Ibid pp 60-67. iv Ibid pp 115-116. v Lieutenant General Vijay Oberoi, PVSM, AVSM, VSM: Approach Paper for Seminar on Doctrine, Structure Employment of Special Forces Across the Spectrum of Conflict in Indian Context (Centre of Land Warfare Studies, New Delhi, Sep 2005). vi Ibid pp 97-101, pg 104. CHAPTER II PRESENT ORGANISATION CONCEPT OF EMPLOYMENT OF INDIAS SPECIAL FORCES. Introduction 1. The employment of specialised guerrilla forces in Indian context dates back to the ancient ages. However, in the recent history it can be traced to the rule of the Maratha warrior, Chhatrapati Shivaji. Shivaji employed his small forces to infiltrate into enemies defences thereby turning them causing panic large scale casualties. 2. The modern SOF in India was raised consequent to the directions of Sir Winston Churchill which led to the raising of the 50 Independent Parachute Brigade in 1941. This brigade was employed in the Battle of Shangsak in an airborne operation in the WW II in the Burma Theatre. The 50 Independent Parachute Brigade is the oldest formation in the world to have continuously remained in airborne role. 3. Today, the Indian SOF comprises of the Parachute the Parachute Special Forces Battalions, the National Security Guards (NSG), the Marine Commandos (MARCOS) the Special Frontier Force (SFF). The organisation employment of these forces is discussed in the following chapters. Concept of Emp loyment of Special Forces 4. In war, Special Forces are an invaluable adjunct to conventional forces. Selectively employed, they have a force multiplier effect. In situations short of declared war, they are capable of sophisticated, specialized and measured response in complex politico-military situations where the application of conventional military forces is inappropriate because it could trigger an escalating response. 5. In order to fulfill the role and execute missions ââ¬â Special Forces should have the capacity to operate in all kinds of terrain in the areas of interest and exploit adverse weather to own advantage. They should be capable of using the medium of land, sea and air for carrying out deep penetration to accomplish the assigned mission, which implies that their organization needs to be an integrated unit to maximize effectiveness. 6. The organization of Special Forces is designed to be cellular with the smallest functional group being a buddy pair. Based on past experiences, it was realized that there was a requirement of distributing danger, provide greater internal resources for psychological and physical backup and a need of varied combat skills namely ââ¬â demolition, navigation, communication, medical, weapon proficiency and language within the group, have necessitated enlargement of the smallest functional group from a buddy pair to a combat patrol of a four- five men assault squad. Four such squads would be ideal to make a troop for carrying out overt and limited covert military special operations in war and situations short of declared war, either independently or in conjunction on with other special forces of similar nature, in own areas of interest to achieve military and or political objectives in support of military and / or national aims. SEC ââ¬â 1: THE PARACHUTE BATTALIONS Organisation Employment 7. The Parachute Battalions are the oldest of the SOF in our country. These were formed either by converting the standard infantry battalions into Parachute Battalions or by the integration of the Indian Parachute Battalions post independence. Presently we have five Parachute Battalions of which, three battalions form part of the 50(Independent) Parachute Brigade. These are considered to be the only rapid reaction forces available with the country. 8. The 50(Independent) Parachute Brigade is a brigade group comprising of elements of all arms services[vii]. The Parachute Battalions are organised on lines similar to the regular infantry units. However, they are different from them in terms of their equipment profile. Another significant aspect is their manpower which is purely on the basis of volunteers who are selected after a very tough challenging probation for a period of three months. 9. The Parachute Battalions are organised trained for offensive operations behind enemy lines Out Of Area Contingencies. The Parachute Brigade over the years has been kept as an Army HQ Reserve or employed piecemeal in certain operations. 10. The Parachute Battalions have been employed with a fair degree of success in conventional operations in the past. The Para Brigade was successfully employed against the Portuguese in Goa, as a coy sized task force at Bara Hoti against the Chinese in early 1961 in the Kutch operations in 1965. The most successful operation of the Paras still remains the para drop of a battalion sized force at Tangail. This operation is arguably the one which tilted the balance in Indias favour. As regards failed operations, the most glaring example is that of the failed paradrop at the Jaffna University during Op PAWAN. However, the failure of this operation may not be attributable as much to the Paras as it would be to faulty planning coordination at higher levels. 11. Over the last decade a half, the Parachute Battalions have been employed in Counter Insurgency (CI) operations. Their employment in these operations has been quite successful with almost all battalions having been awarded the Chief of Army Staff Citation. 12. The Parachute Battalions have been employed as a rapid reaction force as a crack force to act upon hard intelligence to destroy terrorist hideouts. They have also been employed in covert role for surveillance pseudo operations. 13. In the recent past, perceptions among certain sections of the defence establishment have led to the crystallisation of the belief that large scale airborne operations are not feasible in the modern context. This has seriously affected the tactical strategic airlift capability. 14. In CI operations, the Parachute Battalions have been employed as regular infantry battalions- although as a tougher version of the latter. Couple this with the high expectations quick results desired from them, we see that the pressure to perform on these battalions is enormous. The fact that despite the above these units have performed exceedingly well is a tribute to their exemplary leadership high standard of training. SEC ââ¬â 2: MARINE COMMANDOS (MARCOS) History Organisation 15. The evolution of the present day MARCOS dates back to 1986, when the National Security Guards (NSG) was being formed. In response to the requirement of an equivalent force for safeguarding our shore ââ¬â based off-shore assets, the Indian Marine Special Force was formed in Feb 1987. This force was modelled on the lines of the US Navy SEALS the Royal Navys Special Boat Section. The name was changed from Indian Marine Special Force to the present day Marine Commandos (MARCOS) in 1991[viii]. 16. The present strength of the MARCOS is estimated to be about 2000 personnel[ix]. It is divided into three groups, one each at Mumbai, Kochi Vishakhapatnam. 17. The MARCOS undergo a very rigorous training of two years which includes the Combat Divers Course, the Armys Ghatak Course parachute jumps. Thereafter the personnel are sent to operational groups for on the job training for a year. This includes counter terrorist (CT) operations, storming of oil rigs hostage rescue operations. Employment 18. The CT operations of the MARCOS are executed by the Quick Reaction Sections (QRS) which are upto a platoon size. MARCOS can also be tasked for beach reconnaissance, under water demolitions other operations in support of the amphibious landings. 19. The MARCOS are presently also employed in teams in the JK, where they are primarily deployed along the Dal, Wullar Nageen lakes. Their deployment has led to an effective domination of these water bodies. In the very recent past, the MARCOS were employed during the terrorist attacks in Mumbai on 26 November 2008, wherein the MARCOS teams were heli-landed atop the Hotel Oberoi to eliminate the terrorists. 20. The recent employment of the MARCOS in neutralising the terrorists in Mumbai brought to fore once again the need to have an institutionalised framework for employing the Army Naval SOF in a coordinated manner. There is also a requirement of standardisation of equipment weapons if there has to be any joint operations in any future conflict. There is also a need for enhanced joint training of the army SF the MARCOS as they will surely be employed jointly in any future operation. SEC- 3: NATIONAL SECURITY GUARDS ( NSG) 21. The National Security Guards (NSG) was formed in 1986 under the National Security Guards Act ( Act 47 of 1986) has fast emerged as the elite anti-terror establishment not only in India but in the entire Asian region. The NSG is under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is mandated to carry out CT, anti-kidnapping, anti-sabotage, anti-hijacking hostage rescue missions[x]. 22. The NSG has approx 7500 which are further sub-divided as under:- (a) The Assault Groups, i.e, 51st 52nd Special Action Groups (SAG). (b) The Support Group. (c) Two Bomb Disposal Units. (d) A Dog Unit. (e) A Communications Group (f) A Transport Group. 23. The other element of the NSG is the Special Ranger Group (SRG) whose task is to isolate the target area where the SAG is to operate. However, these are now responsible for providing close security cover to VVIPs politicians. 24. The Support Group is manned by a mix of army para-military forces personnel includes the NSG Training Centre at Manesar near Gurgaon the Force Headquarters headed by a three star police officer of the IPS Cadre. The operational training aspects are handled by the army while the para-military forces look after the logistics budgeting. 25. The NSG has to its credit a string of successful operations is rightly known as the premier specialist CT organisation in India. The NSG successfully executed Op BLACK THUNDER in the precincts of the Golden Temple in 1984 wherein it was able to neutralise the hardcore militants with minimal collateral damage. The other notable operations include the neutralisation of the killers of Rajiv Gandhi at the Bangalore Airport the intervention at the Akshardham Temple in Gujarat. However, the most recent successful operation of the NSG remains the intervention neutralisation of terrorists at the Hotel Oberoi during the terrorist strikes at Mumbai on 26 November 2008. The NSG on the other hand, received a lot of unwarranted flak for its delayed employment during the IC-814 hijack crisis. As the picture of the exact turn of events is now clearing up, one can confidently say that the NSG should have been the last to be blamed in the matter. 26. However, the NSG is plagued with a number of problems of late. The most serious one is that of the Command Control structure. Although the most important aspects of operational role training are handled by the army, the head of the NSG is still an IPS officer. It is important that the command of such a premier CT organisation be vested with someone with a practical on the job experience of CT operations which naturally is with an army officer. The issue has been raised at the highest possible levels time again, most recently after the Mumbai attacks, but to no avail. It is important for the powers that be to stop the lobbyist attitudes which may eventually jeopardise national security. 27. Another major problem that has been created is due to the diversion of the Special Ranger Group (SRG) for VVIP protection tasks. The original task for which the SRG was raised ââ¬â to isolate the target area for subsequent operations by SAG ââ¬â has thus suffered a void. 28. Until before the Mumbai attacks, the SAGs were based in New Delhi operated from there. Post the incident, it was realised that there existed a need for the NSG to have operational bases in major metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata Hyderabad for rapid response to a terror strike. Accordingly, additional NSG units have been proposed to be raised for these cities. As to where the manpower for these units is likely to come from, especially when the NSG in its present form itself is plagued with a shortage of manpower, is matter of serious concern. SEC-4: SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE 29. The Special Frontier Force (SFF) was established in 1962 after the debacle in the war with China. The force has six battalions each with six companies. It also has a training establishment known as the Establishment 22 a Parachute Training School. The force comprises of personnel recruited from the border hill tribes Tibetan refugees. The force is officered by Indian Army officers on deputation. The task of the force is to conduct reconnaissance, carry out raids on vital installations direct air artillery strikes in case of hostilities with China[xi]. 30. In addition to the battalions, the force also has a unit known as the Special Group which is manned fully by personnel on deputation from the army[xii]. This group is organised equipped to carry out CT operations. The exact nature of tasks to be performed their likely employment is not very clearly spelt out. This group provided the core on which the first NSG unit was raised. 31. The SFF saw major combat in the 1971 War for the first time when it was employed in the Chittagong Hill Tracts for carrying out cross- border attacks which preceded the war. It also fought some spectacular actions against the 2nd Commando Battalion SSG of Pakistan during the war. 32. Despite the raison de etre, the SFF today is faced with the serious problem of their relevance. The normalisation of Sino-Indian ties the rapid modernisation of the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) has diminished the possibility of a liberated Tibet. The fact has been accepted even by the Dalai Lama, who now talks of an Autonomous Tibet instead of Free Tibet. All this has led to a drastic reduction in the number of expatriate Tibetans with knowledge of local language, terrain culture. 33. Over a period of time the force has lost its motivated dedicated Khampa fighters have been replaced with second generation Tibetans who have been born brought up in India are consequently unaware of the terrain, local customs traditions of native Tibet ââ¬â an aspect of prime importance for employment of the force. The army itself has been facing serious manpower problems especially in the officer cadre sending its officers on deputation to these units means taxing the already critical officer- state in the regular regiments/ battalions 34. Another important drawback in the force structure of the SFF is the Special Group. This Group was initially raised as an anti-hijack building intervention force. Subsequent to the raising of the NSG ââ¬â for which the Group provided the core element ââ¬â their employment role has been in a limbo. If it was intended to be employed for covert operations, it has not been done for lack of political will despite opportunities for the same having existed for so many years, especially against terror groups operating out of Pakistan. vii Brigadier Deepak Sinha: Beyond the Bayonet Indian Special Operations Forces in the 21st Century. Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi pp 138-139. viiiIbid pp 164-165. ix Ibid pp 167- 171. x Ibid pp 177- 181. xi Ibid pp 177- 181. CHAPTER III FUTURE WOR LD ORDER SPECTRUM OF CONFLICT 1. In order to fully understand the changing dynamics of the world order the creation of new alliances partnerships, especially in the military realm, it is important for us to set for ourselves a realistic period we are looking at. What should such a period be? Five yrs from now? Or should we look at a timeline of 2020? 2. Given the continued progress of our nation in the Asian region as well as its emergence in the global affairs as a vital player in worlds politico-strategic dynamics, it is saner to look at a period of 2020. This is so because it is not only important for a nation to continue on its path of progress, but it is equally important to keep consolidating the gains as the years go by. Therefore, we can safely assume that by 2020, India would definitely be a long way up on the road to being the second most dominant player in the regional matters after of course, China which aims to be the regional superpower in the corresponding period. 3. What then is the strategic operational role of the army in 2020? What are the challenges it will have to face what are we required to attain to complement supplement the ambitions of our nation in this period? These other such questions are briefly discussed in the succeeding paragraphs. SEC 1: WORLD GEO ââ¬â STRAT EGIC ENVIRONMENT IN 2020 4. The collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s the terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre in New York on 11 Sep 2001 were two events which redefined the directions of world politics. While the collapse of the Soviet Union led to a creation of a unipolar world ( which is a reality as on date, despite the emergence of the European Union the rapid economic growth of China), the 9/11 terror attacks brought the War on Terror to the doorstep of the Indian sub-continent. 5. Extrapolation of the current geo-political geo-strategic environment to 2020 will, in all probabilities, give us the following picture[xiii]:- (a) While the US will continue to be the sole courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-28155743533869495992020-01-18T20:34:00.001-08:002020-01-18T20:34:04.069-08:00Case Study of Architect Laurence LohTHEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Behind every good designer lies beds upon beds of abstract idea, critical thought and determination devising in which determines his architectural sentiments and determinations ; that said is axiomatic, but one can chew over and be intrigued by the impressions of what lies beyond those beds of ideas, the concluding behind ground. In other words, do we non all experience both internal and external influences in our lives that cast and determine our worldview which in bend influences the manner we wish to ââ¬Ëdealââ¬â¢ with the universe? That I think could be said for anyone, including designers and how lifeââ¬â¢s experiences determine their making of architecture. The Hagiographas in this essay intent to neither self-praise nor knock about an designer and their edifices, but instead to speculate or propose certain thoughts about an architectââ¬â¢s making of architecture. More specifically, what is analyzed and discussed in the essay are what are termed ââ¬Ëinternalâ⬠⢠and ââ¬Ëexternalââ¬â¢ influences on an designers design, that is the ego of the designer which includes the architectââ¬â¢s childhood, instruction and working experiences, and other external lending factors such as clime, theoretical discourses of architecture, clients, political relations, etc. Through the survey and review of these factors could we undercover or detect an implicit in subject, form or impression in the architectââ¬â¢s creative activity of architecture. The designer to be analysed in this essay is the well-respected Ar Laurence Loh. Born in Penang in the 1950ââ¬â¢s, Ar Laurence is known worldwide of one of the taking innovators in architectural preservation and saving of heritage. Graduate of the besides world-famous Architectural Association in London, Ar Laurence is most celebrated for the Restoration of the Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion in Penang. A member of assorted societies and public capacities for architectural heritage and preservation, Ar Laurence besides presently runs a pattern in Penang registered as LLA Arkitek Sdn Bhd which engages in both preservation and modern-day plants. The undertaking to be discussed here is the modern extension to the historical Penang Hill Lower Station at Air Itam. Ar Laurence was engaged to plan an extension to the historical colonial edifice of the lower train station which serves as the chief entry point to the popular and historically of import countries of Penang Hill, which was established as a colonial hill station by the British decennaries ago. What resulted was a modern construction of steel and cloth which replaced the old frontage of doric columns and arches. The two images below show the drastic alteration in character and sense of topographic point before and after the modern extension was finished. Before the construct of this essay, a thorough and full probe into the internal factors of the ego, as described in the paragraphs before, was already carried out in the classs of Ar Laurenceââ¬â¢s childhood, instruction and working experience. Therefore, the chief purpose of the subdivision here is to research, describe and analyse the 2nd half of influences that is the external factors on an architectââ¬â¢s making of architecture. Three separate factors were selected, viz. the reinforced signifier of the undertaking, the influence of clime on the design and eventually guess on architectural theory that could hold informed the development of the extension. Built signifier, in the definition of this analysis, includes all bing edifices, new and old, that can be found on site at the minute. Therefore, as we can see in the analysis diagrams, it is cardinal to indicate out that the historical constructions of colonial architecture were really much preserved in their original province ; stuffs, placement of structural elements like columns, programme of infinites, etc. all seemed to hold been maintained absolutely in topographic point and no via media was given in aftermath of the building of the extension. Rather, it could be asserted that the extension was designed to concentrate on continuity of infinites, adding on extra room to infinites that originally existed in the station, and to besides add on new programmatic and experiential infinites to rejuvenate the energy of the lower station, perchance to pull a greater figure of tourer and visitants to come to Penang Hill. This could be seen in the infinites that were extended and the infinites that were introduced to the site. For illustration, the old ticketing counter and waiting room was given a much larger infinite under the shadiness of the new steel construction, likely to suit a greater sum of people that were anticipated to see the site. Besides, being the cardinal experiential infinite that drives the new energy of the station is the recreational country with the big volume of infinite as created by the attention-getting retractable canopy roof. The ample shadiness provided by the canopy and monumental sense of graduated table generated when standing under the roof construction helps to bring forth that new attraction that draws people to the site, a new character that didnââ¬â¢t exist before on site, in blunt contrast to the unfastened infinite typology of the old frontage of the lower station. Materiality in the modern extension besides plays a important portion in the coevals of renewed involvement in the site. The combination of steel and cloth in its construction and materiality greatly contrasts with the brick and concrete frame construction of the original lower station, making an inherit attention-grabbing factor. Traveling on, we now turn our attending towards the clime factor, and how it has affected the design of the extension. As mentioned before, the original construction consisted of a big unfastened infinite or garnering country in the Centre that was unfastened to and exposed to the elements. It is normally known to all that Malaysia is a tropical clime with many yearss of sun exposure and sometimes it could acquire highly hot and the heat could go intolerable. The big canopy roof construction added provides that much needed shadiness from the scorching beams of the Sun and besides from bad conditions. However, other than that, the design doesnââ¬â¢t seems to hold much more consideration towards clime, due to the glowering fact as exposed in the analysis diagrams of a deficiency of good cross airing in the side. Though there is proviso for hot air to get away through the stack airing consequence, there isnââ¬â¢t good cross airing through the edifice, due to a deficiency of gaps o n both windward and leeward faces. The modern extension does nil to work out this issue ; it doesnââ¬â¢t let for new gaps, nor does it build architectural elements like air current walls to catch predominating zephyrs into the infinite. Predominating air currents from the nor'-east hold a much more dià fficult clip acquiring into the infinite, obstructed by solid concrete walls with really small gaps for natural airing. Third, in the concluding factor of the three external influences, the architectural theory will be discussed. It mentions about three different architectural discourses, viz. retinal architecture, the acquisitions from Las Vegas, and capitalist economy in architecture. As implied in the context of the reinforced signifier influence, the architecture of the modern extension has a certain capitalist spirit to it, in that it generates a new energy of topographic point to pull the attending of people to the old site of Penang Hill, conveying in concern and an economic encouragement to the topographic point. At first glimpse, it could be said that the clients have the say in the determination devising of the design phase, and as Michael Sorkin mentioned so truthfully, designers are typically bound to the caprices of their clients. Is this so in Ar Laurenceââ¬â¢s instance? If one looked at the instance from the surface, it would be a sensible decision to come to. So far, we have explored some external factors that could hold affected the design of the extension to the lower station of Penang Hill. Some of these logical thinkings may hold implied the impression that Ar Laurence may hold sold out to capital greed and instead than continue his ain rules of keeping a scruples in architecture, he was to yield to the demands of the client over keeping a quality of architecture that matches his criterions. Others point in the opposite way, demoing the quality of Ar Laurence and what he is known for, that is the saving of heritage, seen in how the extension does non overpower and steep the historical colonial edifice, but to a good grade built in harmoniousness with the site and its milieus. Such contradictions exist in the same design, but could it be that these contradictions were made consciously? As he has mentioned before, Ar Laurence does non sell out for the interest of money in his architecture, for he does non see architecture as a agency of going rich. However, if such is true, so why would he hold to planing a modern extension at a historical topographic point that is non merely so out of context for the site, but which is designed with a commercial oculus to it, that is to plan something brassy in order to pull more concern? Why non make what he does best and continue the original historical construction or reconstruct it to its former glorification alternatively of simply keeping its physical signifier for the interest of sentimentalism? What does it intend to purposefully belie oneself, and what how does it play out in the populace oculus? What could be the effects of that, particularly since Ar Laurence is an established and respected public figure? Covering with the populace is something Laurence has ever had a aberrant manner of covering with. As with some of his other preservation undertakings, he has mentioned that he conserves non to simply protect the memory of the topographic point and of its history, but in saving comes moving ridges of alteration. Now, he defines ââ¬Ëwaves of changeââ¬â¢ as alteration in idea, alteration in sentiment, alteration in the heads of people in how they perceive and value their heritage and traditional values. Here once more we see the contradiction that so glaringly purports to inform the design of the extension to the lower station. How can preservation lead to alter? It could be interpreted that Laurence utilizes the modern extension as an attractive force of the ocular sense to capture attending and draw people to the infinite, due to the suppressing oculus playing the hegemonic function in architectural pattern above all other senses. The extension contrasts and stands out in the or iginally historical and natural context, emulating the symbolism and decorated caducous consequence as talked about in Venturiââ¬â¢s Learning from Las Vegas. This could reply for the logical thinking behind the commerciality of the infinite. Itââ¬â¢s non that Laurence got muscled out by the client or fell to his ain greed for money, it is that he utilized looking contradictory patterns to acquire people to see the infinite. This leads us to our following point, in that the topographic point that Ar Laurence is seeking to take people to is one that is strongly related to the spirit of topographic point, the history of Penang. Possibly, in my sentiment, continuing the original construction in the aftermath of a modern extension leaves a wonder in people, it creates an internal duologue from which inquiries of chew overing are born, invariably inquiring what made the historical construction such an of import consideration to hold been preserved? This relates back to Ar Laurenceââ¬â¢s statement of saving for alteration, in that the creative activity of duologue in the public kingdom brings more attending towards architectural heritage. But in our modern twenty-four hours and age, that is a difficult thing to accomplish. Ar Laurenceââ¬â¢s solution? Insurgent methods of utilizing brassy architecture to convey focal point to the history and values of topographic point. In the terminal, it is theorized that Ar Laurence, through apparently contradictory and insurgent methods, purposes to bring forth a public sentiment on his attractive and out of context modern extension of the colonial edifices found at the lower station of Penang Hill, in order to convey attending towards the historical values of topographic point. In the terminal nevertheless, what matters is that the extension acts as a superà cial method of pulling people to the topographic point ; the original edifice is still to the full experienced one time the users go past the forepart frontage and initial infinites, pulling more people to see history and their heritage. Reference list Arkitek LLA. ( 2008 ) .LLA. 1sterectile dysfunction. Malaya: Arkitek LLA Sdn Bhd. ARKITEK LLA. ( 2010 ) . Penang Hill Lower Station Modern Extension. Retrieved 15 June 2014, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lla.com.my/ Davies, C. ( 2011 ) . Thinking About Architecture: An debut to architectural theory. City Road, London: Laurence King Printing Hong Kong University. ( 2011 ) .Curriculum Vitae: Laurence Loh Kwong Yu.Retrieved 23 May 2014, from hypertext transfer protocol: //acp.arch.hku.hk/people/Laurence % 20CV.htm Pallasma, J. ( 2005 ) .Eyess of the Skin.Ontario, Canada: John Wiley & A ; Sons. courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-81566610853992425802020-01-10T16:58:00.001-08:002020-01-10T16:58:04.309-08:00Essay on Junk Food EssayMost of todayââ¬â¢s Americans are killing themselves with food. Everywhere I go, all I see is fast-food restaurants, lousy eating habits and unconscious people. They donââ¬â¢t seem to make eating habits a priority anymore. I think that people forgot one of the fundamental aspects of the human body: you are what you eat. If you eat fat, you will be fat. It is as logical to me as saying that if you drink five gallons of gasoline, you will die. Thus, I think that children should begin learning good food habits at a young age, so that the doom of an America where people die of heart failure in their twenties can be avoided. Letââ¬â¢s start with fast-food. The best example of this phenomenon is the so-loved ââ¬â or so-dreaded, in my point of view ââ¬â Mc Donaldââ¬â¢s. I have seen all sorts of awkward situations in these weight enhancement centers. Just lately, they stated that their chicken was now real white chicken. This makes me wonder, how was their chicken before? What was I eating in my Mc Chicken (or not) when their chicken was not chicken? God knows. Even though Mc Donaldââ¬â¢s restaurants offer ridiculously low-quality food, millions of people continue eating it regularly. I think I know the reason why: they are lazy. Why make the effort of carefully planning your nutrition when you can pick up a box of junk right off the shelves? I was shocked when I got here and witnessed the obsession that people have with carbohydrates. For every single product (or almost) that is bad for your health, there is another one that is identified as ââ¬Å"low-carbâ⬠. To me, this means ââ¬Å"less badâ⬠; I think we can agree that less bad does not mean good. Instead of wanting to eat the same junk with a bit less carbohydrates, people should rather try to change their alimentation to one that is going to be healthy and nutritious. This is the era of communications, technology, stress and hurry. Everything just keeps getting faster, and this includes eating. People donââ¬â¢t take the time to eat slowly anymore. It is scientifically proven that when you eat too fast, you over-eat. This is due to the fact that the status of the stomach (whether it is full or not) is reported to the brain within a ten minute delay. Thus, if you eat too fast, you probably wonââ¬â¢t know when to stop. As result of this, your stomach will be overfilled and will stretch without shrinking back afterwards. So, the next time you eat, your stomachà will get larger, and larger, and so on. This will go on until the point where you will die of plumpness. Since these habits are developed at a young age, students should be taught to eat slowly in order to avoid this problem. In conclusion, weight problems in the United States are due to two realities: junk food and bad eating habits. If students were better educated at a young age, over-weight would most probably not be a major issue for Americans. courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-35185317660460699722020-01-02T13:22:00.001-08:002020-01-02T13:22:03.804-08:00Battle That Stopped Rome By Professor Wells Essay The book titled ââ¬Å"Battle that stopped Romeâ⬠written by professor Peter Wells at the University of Minnesota, illustrates discoveries of one of the most recent influential and famous battles of the ancient world referred to as Battle of Teutoburg forest. The book gives account on the greatest battle that the Roman Empire lost at the Battle of Teutburg forest by developing a coherent narrative to make the subject more interesting for the modern readers. Wells will one, apply narrative to create a story because using only both if the ancient texts and archaeological narrative are not self-explanatory and two, to challenge the professional archaeologists and historian involved in the study of the battle and its background who are having difficulties developing a big picture resulting in loss of important issues. Professor Wells is attempting to bring the actual battle vividly to life which most of professors or authors donââ¬â¢t attempt or fail to do. A short summary of the events discussed in the book indicates that the German tribal forces destroyed the three Roman Legions through an ambush of the forces that had been sent by Emperor Augustus to mollify the regions between Elbe and Rhine. After the defeat, the Roman Empire took the Rhine as its border as the Germans took the other side of the border until the fall of the empire . The discovery of the actual site of the battle was in 1987 whereby the excavation shed a lot of light on the German ambush. The form of ambushShow MoreRelatedJacques Louis David And His Life During The French Revolution2483 Words à |à 10 Pagestypes of art that display the artist mood, feelings, reactions and perspective. The early beginnings of Rome and the struggles that occurred are seen in Jacques Louis David early paintings. He used neoclassic style to portray these vivid scenes of the brutality Roman people faced during its beginning years. The many early pieces by Jacques Louis David are painted to showing the struggles of Rome during the first half of the empire, he then related these pictures to some events that David experiencedRead MoreAttila the Hun - Short Essay3431 Words à |à 14 PagesBishop of Margus had crossed over to their territory and robbed their royal tombs. They complained that the Romans had not honoured the Peace of Margus by refusing to return fugitives to them. Additionally, they demanded the Bishop be handed over as well. The significance of these allegations was cent ral to the Huns plan for an attack during the campaigning season. The Romans refused both claims and war was declared. Having successfully provoked the Eastern Romans into a war had been a strategicRead MoreRizals Life, Zaide, Chapter 9 - 13 Summary2806 Words à |à 12 Pagesimpressed by painting of ââ¬Å"Prometheus Boundâ⬠.à They also meet Dr. Jagor and heard thereà plan about Leitmeritz inorder to see Blumentritt. He advice to wire Blumentritt because the old professor might be shockà of their visit. At 1:30 pm of May 15, 1887 the train arrived at the railroad station of Leitmeritz. Professor Blumentritt was at the station carrying a pencil sketch of Rizal which he sent toidentify his friend. Blumentritt get a room at Hotel Krebs, after which he bought them to his house andRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Rise Of Napoleon1806 Words à |à 8 Pagesto the late 1700s, Davenport gives an accurate insight from a historianââ¬â¢s perspective regarding events that occurred during and after the French Revolution as well as Napoleon Bonaparteââ¬â¢s reign. The purpose of this source is to study the cause and effect of an important figure, in this case, Napoleon, that changed the French society as well as its government. The source also explores the changes he made that affected the countries abroad. The value of the source is a fair study of Napoleonââ¬â¢s roleRead MoreThe Colosseums Role in Ancient Roman Society Essay5679 Words à |à 23 PagesARANA PROFESSOR HENRY LARES ARC 2701 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE I 11/29/06 The Colosseums role in ancient Roman society For as long as humans have existed, they have always found some way to entertain themselves. Even the earliest societies have left evidence of some sort of activity or hobby that they used as a form of entertainment. Perhaps the most famous building that was used as a form of entertainment is the Roman Colosseum, also known as the Flavian amphitheater. In ancient Rome, the mostRead MoreFamous German People Essay3261 Words à |à 14 PagesArminius was born around 17-18BC in Magna Germania and died in 21 AD in Germania. He was forty at his time of death. Arminius lived during the Roman Occupation. When Arminius was a boy he lived in Rome as a hostage, where he had received a military education, and obtained Roman citizenship as well as the status of petty noble before returning to Germania and driving the Romans out. When Arminius returned to northern Germania in about 7-8 AD, the Roman Empire had founded safe rule just eastRead MoreThe Rise and Rule of Single-Party States7795 Words à |à 32 Pagesof WWI China- Mao Zedong Italy- Benito Mussolini Mussolini was born into a socialist house. He remained a socialist until he returned from WW1 with a new perspective. He then started the fascist party. He and his fascist black shirt marched on Rome and claimed to have forced the government to allow Mussolini to be prime minister. Yet, the truth is the president of Italy feared Mussolini and gave him the position of minister without conflict. From this point, Mussolini gained support until heRead MoreA Brief Note On The World War II2159 Words à |à 9 PagesMonika Gruca Professor Moore History 150 9 May 2015 Final Exam Part I: Identifications 1. Fascism- Fascism is a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power. It is usually emphasized by aggressive nationalism and often racism. Two countries that adopted fascism were Germany and Italy. Germany was under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, while Italy was under Benito Mussolini. Fascism led both countries to have extreme nationalism and instilled a great sense of pride in both countriesRead MoreHistory Grade 10 Exam Review6476 Words à |à 26 PagesChamberlain: 1937- 1940 * British PM * Warned Hitler England was ready to go to war to prevent Germany from getting more European territory * Winston Churchill: 1940- 1955 * British PM * Asked Canada to send troops for the battle of Hong Kong * Franklin Roosevelt: 1933- 1945 * President of US * Created the New Deal in 1935 * Harry Truman: 1945- 1953 * President of US * Used atomic bomb * Joseph Stalin: 1922- 1952 * Leady of theRead MoreThe Ottoman Empire ( 1299 ) Essay6958 Words à |à 28 Pagesthe Battle of Kosovo in 1389, during which Murad I was killed by a Serbian assassin. He was succeeded by his son Bayezid I (ca. 1347?1403). The new sultan s first move was to check the power of the Turkish Beyliks, who were challenging the Ottomans. Bayezid then turned to Europe to smash Balkan rebels. Bulgaria was put under direct Ottoman administration, and Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) was besieged for the first time. The crusaders organized by Hungary were defeated at the Battle of Nigbolu courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-56628974069889402142019-12-25T09:49:00.001-08:002019-12-25T09:49:03.284-08:00Analysis Of Paul Laurence Dunbar s The Elevator Boy Poet On June 27, 1872 in Dayton, Ohio a legend, a dream, a prodigy was born. Paul Laurence Dunbar was one of the first African American poets to gain national recognition. (poets) Dunbar graduated high school around the time where racial discrimination was at itââ¬â¢s all time high, so they were not many jobs for the African American race. Due to the lack of occupation Dunbar was forced to be an elevator operator in a Dayton hotel. Although the circumstances were difficult it did not stop Dunbar from succeeding. While working as an elevator operator, Dunbar was able to continue his works during his off time. Working at the hotel didnââ¬â¢t only allow Dunbar to continue writing; he also earned a name for himself, ââ¬Å"elevator boy poet.â⬠His eagerness to succeed allowed him to adapt what is now known as a hustle. Dunbar sold poems in the elevator for one dollar, to help cover publishing fees. Soon after Dunbar moved to Chicago, where he befriended Fredrick Douglass. This is w here his hard work begins to pay off. Dunbar and his work were mentioned in major magazines and newspapers. By 1896 Dunbar had published his third collection, but first professionally published volume, Lyrics of Lowly Life. In this volume Dunbar wrote a poem called, ââ¬Å"We Wear the Mask.â⬠In the poem, ââ¬Å"We Wear the Maskâ⬠, lies and deceit, suffering, race, and society and class are used as themes to illustrate the African American life during and before Dunbarââ¬â¢s lifetime. The purpose of this analysis is to explore certain courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-2937480239009877432019-12-17T05:39:00.001-08:002019-12-17T05:39:02.526-08:00Children of Working Mothers vs. Stay At Home Mothers and... Children of Working Mothers vs. Stay At Home Mothers and Their Effects Looking back at the past there have been women struggling for equal rights throughout the United States of America this includes the right to work or stay at home with their children. Ever since women started working the argument has been forthcoming over mothers who work and those who stay home with their children. One concern is what differences, if any, are there in children who are raised by stay-at-home moms and working moms. This includes effects on their children emotionally and academically. In todayââ¬â¢s world women find themselves and their choices they make under much scrutiny. ââ¬Å"With more women currently in the workforce than ever before, fewer children areâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦There can also be behavioral effects in the child. There has been research in which cognitive differences between children who had working mothers and children who had stay at home mothers. Such research stated that effects of working mothers can have a negative effect that would be seen at the age of seven or eight. This is more relevant of mothers who work during a childââ¬â¢s first year of life. ââ¬Å"Mothers informed the researchers that at times working had a negative impact on their children because after work mothers were sometimes too tired to interact as much with children as the children would have like. Also, working sometimes got in the way of completing activities with children that mothers and children would have like to do (Reynolds, Callender, and Edwards, 2003). A big concern has always been time spent with the child, will it affect them socially if their mother is always away or will they be more independent. More traditional families would say that not having that motherly intimacy at a young age will make the child secluded and hard to open up. The first years of life are where the child understands the intricacies of bonding with family members especially with the mother. Take that away and the child will have a constant change in people coming in and out of their young lives making it hard to bond with anyone. Mothers who stayed at home for the benefit of their children say that their children are more disciplined while working mothersShow MoreRelatedCan Mothers Effectively Manage Work And Raising Children?1635 Words à |à 7 PagesCan Mothers Effectively Manage Work and Raising children? Every motherââ¬â¢s priority is her children. Mothersââ¬â¢ ultimate goal is to watch their children growing and reaching the best developmental and emotional milestones in every stage of their lives, and they realize that they are the cornerstone to achieve this goal. They are more influential than the school and the entire surrounding community. And, they are willing to devote all their lives to their children and sacrifice everything to build aRead MorePositive And Negative Influences Of Working And Stay At Home Mothers On Children1409 Words à |à 6 PagesInfluences of Working and Stay-At-Home Mothers on Children Are children better off if mothers stay at home to take care of them? Recently, whether mother should stay home taking care of children or work as normal have been argued a lot, Some mothers may rather choose stay at home and take the traditional homemaker role. Others may prefer to work outside home to meet her full personal potential. There can be both positive and negative effects of working mothers on their children. While working mothers canRead MoreBenefits of Being a Working Mother Essay1099 Words à |à 5 PagesMen and women are working harder than ever to survive in todays tough economy. Its a big challenge for low and middle class families to survive. To meet growing demands, its getting difficult for families to depend on one income. To contribute to family income, mothers are coming forward and joining the workforce. Working mothers are the one who takes care of the family and work outside the home. They may be a single mothers or married mothers. Working mothers usually work to support their familyRead MoreStudent Readiness And Academic Achievement1522 Words à |à 7 PagesDegree of School Readiness in Kindergarten Students from Families with a Stay-at-Home-Mom vs. Families with a Working Mom Rebecca L. Mullins University of Texas at Tyler July 2016 While all forms of parental involvement in a childââ¬â¢s education are recognized for their individual importance and merit, for the purposes of this study, we are particularly interested in parental involvement as it relates to academic achievement and school readiness of first time Kindergarten studentsRead More The Benefits of Being a Working Mother Essay2432 Words à |à 10 Pagesquestion of whether or not to stay home to raise children is one of the most debated issues of motherhood. Endless studies and tests have been perfomed, thousands of surveys have been distributed, and if one were looking for a personal opinion, they would have to look no further than the nearest mother to give them a biased look at raising children. But while the traditional views of mothers as housewives remain alive and well in some areas, the modern working mother has made a successful place forRead MoreHousewife vs. Working Woman: an Evaluation Essay1741 Words à |à 7 PagesEverywhere you go, y ou are bound to run into a woman who considers herself a stay-at-home wife or mother. To meet such a woman here and there is not considered strange, but as the idea of the ââ¬Å"modern housewifeâ⬠begins to trend more and more ââ¬â in Britain, especially ââ¬â it is starting to raise a few eyebrows, and more than a few questions and concerns. While the modern-day housewife herself would disagree, the working woman is becoming very opinionated on the subject, and have not been shy to expressRead MorePublic Vs. Private Daycare1445 Words à |à 6 Pages Before the development of daycare companies, mothers in U.S.A would leave babies dozing in carriages parked outside movie places, under care of other friends, cribs, and cradles, locking them in tenement flats and car parks in factory lots (Pruissen, 2012). Some women took their children to their mothers, to neighbors and strangers. In all these instances, the security and care of children were not guaranteed as some women would lose their children or find them with infection such as lice, feverRead MoreThe Concepts Of Nature Vs Nurture1273 Words à |à 6 Pages The concepts of Nature vs Nurture, are major concepts in social science. Nature is the hereditary pattern of physical features in a human being s development. These features include, but are not limited to, our personality, usual and unusual appearances and the general measurements of how humans hold the attributes of being sociable, hostile behavior, their emotions, and the usage of alcohol and drugs. On the other hand Nurture is slightly different. Nurture is the influence of the environmentRead MoreWomen And Multiple Roles : Myths And Reality1759 Words à |à 8 PagesWhen the mother is stressed and exhausted from handling these multiple roles it is also said to affect the child in that they will also feel stressed from feeding off the motherââ¬â¢s attitude. Dr. Rosalind Barnett stated in her article, Women and Multiple Roles: Myths and Reality, that a common myth centers on ââ¬Å"the underlying assumption that the roles of wife and mother are ââ¬Ënaturalââ¬â¢ roles an d are therefore performed without undue stressâ⬠, and that the role of being employed is ââ¬Å"seen as ââ¬Ëunnaturalââ¬â¢Read MoreLifespan Development And Psychological Theories1325 Words à |à 6 Pagesdifficulty making sure the house will always stay warm due to her financial situation. Janeââ¬â¢s safety needs is not fully being developed and completed because her employment isnââ¬â¢t secure and stable enough to finance her childrenââ¬â¢sââ¬â¢ childcare. Her safety needs are also not being fully met because she canââ¬â¢t afford to heat up her home and pay bills for her home etc. Janeââ¬â¢s love and belongingness are developing because she has a family, however, her mother has passed away which has affected her because courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2654405480385354172.post-42152045894359674632019-12-09T02:21:00.001-08:002019-12-09T02:21:05.081-08:00Objectivity and Impartiality in Reporting â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about theObjectivity and Impartiality in Political Reporting. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the concept of Balance, objectivity and impartiality in context with Brexit case. In 2016, a study was presented by the Trust of BBC on the concept of impartiality especially in case of statistics that was released. The study highlight the efforts of the present corporations based work that is attached with journalists however, cautions must be taken that completely lacks the right kind of challenge in some kind output as well as there is assumed resultant attitude to provide complete interpretation (Henn Sharpe, 2016). The overall findings will also get attached with so many people who can actually express their frustration along with media based coverage of the case. These people will specifically claim and those claims are based on distinct sides that are usually insufficient questioned by the broadcaster on national level. Objective of the Report The main objective of the report clearly understands the concept of Balance, Impartiality and objectivity. The report will discuss in detail about the case of Brexit formation and UK exists from the EU. The report will try to understand that media reporting and stories covered BBC on this case. Literature Review Balance, Objectivity and Impartiality Impartiality There is a lot of confusion related to the understanding of all the concepts which are balance, objectivity and impartiality. However, the impartiality and objectivity are closely connected and often used interchangeably. But it is important to understand that both have a distinct meaning and are used differently in different countries (Fox Pearce, 2016). The whole discussion associated with them has now become so knotted that the words sometimes are used to define precisely the issue for which it was designed to rectify. The word impartiality is usually used in UK however the word objectivity is common in other part of the world like US. Impartiality is a word which is infers that it is related to concept of bias and is more complex by nature and on the other hand, the word objectivity is a more disciplined kind of principle which completely gets isolated with proofs as well as facts but is easier to accomplish. The concept of impartiality is often distinguished from the concept of balance and is based on allocation of equal kind of space with opposed opinions. On the other hand, the concept of objectivity means an effort which is completely excluded from any kind of judgment which is subjective by nature (Jackson et al, 2016). The concept of impartiality is based on an attempt related to different opinions, ideas or interests or people which are completely detached from the philosophy. It is not important that everyone will be able to get an equal kind of treatment however; everyone must be treated that way. This is why; there is a lot of confusion over how different the terms will be applied on the concept. In the complete discussion, the process of application or a discipline on which a professional report of a journalist is submitted in order to produce some kind of news that can be identified from reliable source. The whole issue or concern was mainly associated with the inputs towards the concept of journalism. In the present set of modern critics, the concept usually gets attacked with the results related to process or the content which are of less value in the current digital age. It is also argued that the concept of impartiality showcases news associated with key features in the current provenance needed to properly evaluate the report and in some case it is not right in actually cramping the concept of free market in concepts (Hestermeyer Ortino, 2016). There are some concepts which also suggest that the needs are simple and need to open the overall biasness or inte rests and also permit the readers to take all the concepts into proper notice. The journalist sees the concept of impartiality as wrong kind of construct with absolutely nothing like completely neutral, truth or objective and it is also being argued that the whole world is amalgamation of so many partial kinds of opinions of views (Ibrahim, 2017). The overall notion of impartiality as well as objectivity has no intention to ask journalist that has no views or biases of their own. On the other hand, these people are quite professional with disciplines or any kind of processes that is designed t o learn as well as counter any kind of bias in the reporters. The overall intention was to make sure that there is consistent as well as transparency principles to assess data with the intent of accomplishing fairness as well as accuracy (Doyle, 2017). The overall discussion is only about the results related to journalism however, the inputs are important as well. They can be considered as a c rucial means of dividing different set of standards with data and when professional based norms are employed while looking at the process or concept of journalism and sometimes it is only related to outputs in a significant manner to divide between the concepts of journalism on professional level as well as citizen based journalism along with chatter based on social media and rise in the range of government as well as corporate communication. Objectivity The concept is taken as a standard however, when they are considered as standards, then the important question is that why two newspapers ever considered from similar angles or breaking story. If in case, everyone is writing a story based on objectivity then how can it be presented in same story concept but in a different manner? The time, story is assigned there is an existence of some kind of biasness. An editor goes for a specific story over other kind of story since it is perceived as a better story than other. The writer determines who should be interviewed and it is also crucial to consider the concept important and also base the study on people not to interview at all. They also determine what must be asked and what is not important to ask. It is also decided about the overall lead must be and the angle from which it must be taken and people who must be quoted first and people who are quoted for longer period of times. Editors also determine the changes, the cuts or addition a nd the overall present ability along with headlines on the top (Arnold et al, 2016). More editors determine the story which must be placed with the picture that appears alongside with it. In case, the story is about writing the conflict there are number of decisions that are based on number of people that can impact the way the story is described or written. The overall decisions will also impact the way the story are based or taken as by the public. The capacity to impact the opinion is quite powerful by nature and it is journalist job to find out everything about all sides of any problem that people write about. It is also important to find out the different sides of the story. If in case the research is based on the stand on a problem which is wrong by nature then it will be taken as wrong no matter what is written about it. It is important to understand that if the facts are not supporting the views then the views needs to change (Arnold et al, 2016). Balance The concept of objectivity can be taken as a fanciful case and balance is not very important. The concept is actually supports the concept of credibility for the current story and it is also important to understand that without proper representation of all kind of opinions, the story actually end up serving the objective of the people who go for interview instead of presenting a right kind of spectrum of views or dissent (Peat et al, 2016). One of the challenging and difficult aspects of this concept is that it is based on important change based story and the story is presented one after the other. Balancing a single story with the other can be simple while asking students about what can perceived about dining hall cuisine. It is also challenging than that since the ideas is to present fair interpretation and in case if there is no such kind of voice based on dissent or assent, the concept deserves to present in the story. There are specific elements based on judgment of balance. Presentation of racist as well as homophobic kind of opinion is informed in bad manner on the topic of the article which does not serve to present anything (Peat et al, 2016). The overall accountability of a journalist is actually to extend the interview of people who are knows about facts in the field that can be investigated properly. Brexit Briefing As per the guidelines of BBC based on reporting which is related to referendum especially known as impartial as well as independent kind of reporting related to campaign. At the same time, there are so many commentators that are based on rigid kind of balance with overrode that must be based on fair coverage as well as it is also backed with rigorous kind of scrutiny of different policies along with campaigns of all important parties as well as campaign based groups (Lund, 2016). It was believed that there was risk of fairness of biasness and people can give equal airtime along with unequal argument without even daring to say that or take one side as an evidence or a large body based on number of expert opinions (Olsen, 2017). While analyzing the aftermath related to overall vote to leave European Union, this biasness is dubbed as regulated as equivocation and has also been reported by number of media academics in present new publications that are issued by the association of politic al studies. The academics also find out that while the complete weight is on newspaper of the country and also supported by the leave or broadcasters who functions under the tight scrutiny by giving equal amount of airtimes but also favored by campaigning on routine basis and with over analysis as well as scrutiny of number of claims. People like Michael Gove in reality dismissed the experts and the connected coverage and it was largely related to presidential position which aims on leading the team of politicians consisting academics, economist and other kind of specialists that were hardly seen at any given point of time. The concept of objectivity was actually supported by impartiality. Other analysts defines that the concept of BBC gave right kind of importance to more than thirteen hundred business leaders who actually signed a letter to The Times backed by UK membership of EU and already reported concepts or views of people like Sir James Dyson (Olsen, 2017). It is also simila r to the warning given by Novel Prize winning economists and often taken as unchecked to discredited amount of saving for different European Union contribution. In addition lot skepticism was bounced or taken from number of news interviews to the BBC and other Reality check or associated services (Abbas, 2017). Most probably the reporting based lessons must also draw from the Trust of BBC which is actually a distinct view of impartiality in scientific manner and it is also triggered by the portrayal of change in climate along with MMR vaccine and related scare. It is also called as judgment or right weight on coverage along with better training and it is also being argued that the journalists have wrong or less knowledge of the contribution of EU in the Brexit vote. The results of referendum which came in June can be seem as to decrease the need for such expertise information along with clear understand of the European Union. It is important to understand that it will remain as cruc ial or important in reporting based negotiation on the future of UK outside of EU in coming time (McNair et al, 2017). Conclusion As a reporter or an editor, the overall reputation is to work like a keep and it is important to work like a publication however for all the people in this specific field. The work of the journalism is to make sure that the actions taken are responsible as well as ethical. The level of motivation of ethical professional must be similar to the motivation that exists for writing in the initial time (De SomeR, 2017). The issues has been analyzed and discussed by many authors and they claimed it to be two sides story where one side claims that the whole world should be considered to be flat and the other side considers it round. The broadcaster must have failed to fulfill the basic responsibilities associated with care for the people of the country. In addition there was never any kind of shortage of other who actually perceived that the BBC can be blamed for the same whichever is concerned with the solution of the present referendum (Fox Pearce, 2016). Reference Abbas, T. (2017). The Trojan Horse Plot and the Fear of Muslim Power in British State Schools.Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 1-16. Arnold, A., Bohm, G., Corner, A., Mays, C., Pidgeon, N. F., Poortinga, W., ... Tvinnereim, E. (2016). Socio-political profiles to inform a cross-national survey in France, Germany, Norway and the UK. De SomeR, S. (2017).Autonomous Public Bodies and the Law: A European Perspective. Edward Elgar Publishing. Doyle, J. (2017). Adam Curtis as remixologist: the case for metajournalism as radical practice.Studies in Documentary Film,11(1), 45-63. Fox, S., Pearce, S. (2016). Did the EU Referendum boost youth engagement with politics?. Henn, M., Sharpe, D. (2016). Young people in a changing Europe: British youth and Brexit 2016. Hestermeyer, H., Ortino, F. (2016). Towards a UK Trade Policy Post-Brexit: The Beginning of a Complex Journey.King's Law Journal,27(3), 452-462. Ibrahim, M. (2017). Rapefugees Not Welcome. Jackson, D., Thorsen, E., Wring, D. (2016). EU Referendum Analysis 2016: Media, Voters and the Campaign. Lund, B. (2016).Housing Politics in the United Kingdom: Power, Planning and Protest. Policy Press. McNair, B., Flew, T., Harrington, S., Swift, A. (2017).Politics, Media and Democracy in Australia: Public and Producer Perceptions of the Political Public Sphere. Routledge. Olsen, J. P. (2017).Democratic Accountability, Political Order, and Change: Exploring Accountability Processes in an Era of European Transformation. Oxford University Press. Peat, J., Grice, P., Gardner, C., Johnson, P., Roy, G., Perman, R. (2016). Minding Scotlands Money: Economic Governance for an Increasingly Devolved Scotland. courtneyta77http://www.blogger.com/profile/08310605851012208413noreply@blogger.com0